Hypothesis and Theory in Scientific Method

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding hypotheses, theories, and the scientific method based on the lecture notes.

What is a hypothesis?

A scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested.

How do scientists formulate a hypothesis?

By making observations and posing a testable and falsifiable statement.

What is the common structure used to write a hypothesis?

An if-then statement.

What must a hypothesis be to be valid?

It must be testable and falsifiable.

What does it mean to falsify a hypothesis?

To show that the hypothesis is not true through observation or experiment.

What do scientists do if the data collected does not support the hypothesis?

They may adjust the hypothesis or the experiment to explore different outcomes.

How can a hypothesis lead to a theory?

Through multiple experiments, peer review, and consistent support from data.

What distinguishes scientific work from private sector work in product development?

In science, findings are shared openly for validation and further testing by others.

Why is peer review important in scientific research?

It validates the experiment and the hypothesis, ensuring reliability and accuracy.

What is a scientific theory?

A well-tested explanation that accounts for a broad set of observations and hypotheses.

Can a theory become a scientific law?

No, a theory explains why something occurs, whereas a law states what happens.

What is an example of a well-supported scientific theory?

The theory of evolution by natural selection.

What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

Fossil records, genetic DNA, and other biological data.

What misconception do people have about theories and laws?

That testing a theory sufficiently will elevate it to the status of a law.

What keeps scientific theories open to modification?

New data and technologies that provide further insights.

What major advance in science has supported the theory of evolution?

Mapping the human genome and understanding genetic relationships among organisms.

What concept did Darwin's observations lead to?

The hypothesis that prompted further investigation into natural selection and adaptation.

How is the scientific method related to formulating hypotheses?

It provides a structured approach for testing and refining hypotheses based on observations.

What happens to a hypothesis after it has been tested multiple times?

It may be supported, refuted, or adjusted based on experimental data.

What drives scientists in their research compared to companies in the private sector?

The pursuit of knowledge rather than profit.

What is the relationship between hypotheses, experiments, and theories?

Hypotheses are tested through experiments, which can lead to the formulation of theories.

How can scientists further support their hypotheses after testing?

By posing new questions and designing additional experiments.

What is the danger of altering a hypothesis too much?

It can lead to losing sight of the original observation and intent of the research.

What is a key takeaway about scientific theories?

They are dynamically maintained and can adapt as new information becomes available.

In scientific discourse, what is expected from researchers regarding their findings?

To share and invite validation and scrutiny from the scientific community.