Cumulative OINAs

splenius capitis - origin

spines of C7 through T4 and the nuchal ligament

splenius capitis - insertion

lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone and mastoid process

splenius capitis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami of inferior cervical nerves

splenius capitis - action

unilaterally: rotate and laterally flex the head and neck to the same side

bilaterally: extend head and neck

splenius cervicis - origin

spines of T3 through T6

splenius cervicis - insertion

posterior tubercle of transverse processes of C1-C4

splenius cervicis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami of inferior cervical nerves

splenius cervicis - action

unilaterally: rotate and laterally flex the head and neck to the same side

bilaterally: extend head and neck

iliocostalis lumborum - origin

iliac crest, posterior aspect of sacrum, the sacroiliac ligaments and the sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes

iliocostalis lumborum - insertion

the inferior borders of the lower 6 ribs

iliocostalis lumborum - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

iliocostalis lumborum - action

unilaterally: flex the vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

iliocostalis thoracis - origin

superior borders of the lower 6 ribs

iliocostalis thoracis - insertion

inferior borders of upper 6 ribs

iliocostalis thoracis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

iliocostalis thoracis - action

unilaterally: flex the vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

iliocostalis cervicis - origin

superior borders of upper 6 ribs

iliocostalis cervicis - insertion

inferior borders of transverse processes of C4-6

iliocostalis cervicis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

iliocostalis cervicis - action

unilaterally: flex the vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

longissimus thoracis - origin

sacrum

longissimus thoracis - insertion

inferior borders of transverse processes and ribs of lower 9-10 thoracic vertebrae

longissimus thoracis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

longissimus thoracis - action

unilaterally: flex the vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

longissimus cervicis - origin

superior borders of transverse processes of the upper 6 thoracic vertebrae

longissimus cervicis - insertion

inferior borders of the transverse processes of the 2nd-6th cervical vertebrae

longissimus cervicis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

longissimus cervicis - action

unilaterally: flex vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

longissimus capitis - origin

superior borders of 2nd-6th cervical vertebrae

longissimus capitis - insertion

mastoid process of the skull

longissimus capitis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

longissimus capitis - action

unilaterally: flex vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

spinalis thoracis - origin

between spinous processes of thoracic region

spinalis thoracis - insertion

between spinous processes of thoracic region

spinalis thoracis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

spinalis thoracis - action

unilaterally: flex the vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend vertebral column

spinalis cervicis - origin

inconsistently present

spinalis cervicis - insertion

inconsistently present

spinalis cervicis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

spinalis cervicis - action

unilaterally: flex the vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend vertebral column

spinalis capitis - origin

usually considered most medial portion semispinalis capitis muscle

spinalis capitis - insertion

usually considered most medial portion semispinalis capitis muscle

spinalis capitis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

spinalis capitis - action

unilaterally: flex the vertebral column to the same side

bilaterally: extend vertebral column

semispinalis thoracis - origin

transverse processes of the lower 7 thoracic vertebrae (T6-T12)

semispinalis thoracis - insertion

spines of the upper 4 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T4)

semispinalis thoracis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

semispinalis thoracis - action

backward bending of head and cervicothoracic regions

contralateral rotation

semispinalis cervicis - origin

transverse processes of the upper 6 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T6)

semispinalis cervicis - insertion

spines of 2nd-5th cervical vertebrae

semispinalis cervicis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

semispinalis cervicis - action

backward bending of head and cervicothoracic regions

contralateral rotation

semispinalis capitis - origin

overlies the semispinalis cervicis and runs from the transverse processes of the 4th cervical vertebra through the 4th thoracic vertebrae (C4-T4)

semispinalis capitis - insertion

inferior nuchal line of the skull

semispinalis capitis - nerve innervation

dorsal rami

semispinalis capitis - action

backward bending of head and cervicothoracic regions

controllateral rotation

multifitdus (short fascicles) - origin

caudal end of dorsal surface of each vertebral lamina

multifitdus (short fascicles) - insertion

mammillary processes of vertebrae that are 2 levels below

multifitdus (short fascicles) - nerve innervation

medial branch of dorsal ramus of vertebra below

multifitdus (short fascicles) - action

stabilizes spine during rotation and forward bending

protect facet capsules from being caught inside the joint

multifitdus (large fascicles) - origin

base and caudolateral edge of the spinous processes

fascicles are arranged in 5 overlapping groups such that each lumbar vertebra gives rise of one of these groups

multifitdus (large fascicles) - insertion

mammillary processes, iliac crest, sacrum

deep fibers attach to the capsules of the zygapophyseal joints next to mammillary processes

multifitdus (large fascicles) - nerve innervation

medial branch of dorsal rami of vertebra below

multifitdus (large fascicles) - action

stabilizes spine during rotation and forward bending

protect facet capsules from being caught inside the joint

rectus capitis posterior major - origin

spine of axis

rectus capitis posterior major - insertion

lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior major - nerve innervation

suboccipital nerve

rectus capitis posterior major - action

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of head

rectus capitis posterior minor - origin

posterior tubercle of atlas

rectus capitis posterior minor - insertion

occipital bone of inferior nuchal line

rectus capitis posterior minor - nerve innervation

suboccipital nerve

rectus capitis posterior minor - action

lateral flexion, extension of head

obliquus capitis inferior - origin

spine of axis

obliquus capitis inferior - insertion

transverse process of atlas

obliquus capitis inferior - nerve innervation

1st and 2nd cervical nerves

obliquus capitis inferior - action

rotates atlas and skull around ondontoid process of axis

obliquus capitis superior - origin

transverse process of atlas

obliquus capitis superior - insertion

occipital bone above inferior nuchal line

obliquus capitis superior - nerve innervation

1st cervical nerve

obliquus capitis superior - action

extension, lateral flexion of head

platysma - origin

fascia and skin over pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

platysma - insertion

inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face

platysma - nerve innervation

cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

platysma - action

tenses skin of neck, draws corners of mouth down, assists in depressing mandible

sternocleidomastoid - origin

sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium sterni
clavicular head: upper surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

sternocleidomastoid - insertion

mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

sternocleidomastoid - nerve innervation

accessory (CN XI) and ventral ramus of second cervical nerve

sternocleidomastoid - action

unilaterally: ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of head
bilaterally: neck flexion

scalenus anterior - origin

anterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 3-6

scalenus anterior - insertion

internal border of first rib

scalenus anterior - nerve innervation

ventral rami of cervical nerves

scalenus anterior - action

flexes cervical column laterally and acts in respiration

scalenus medius - origin

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 2-7

scalenus medius - insertion

superior border of first rib

scalenus medius - nerve innervation

ventral rami of cervical nerves

scalenus medius - action

flexes cervical column laterally and acts in respiration

scalenus posterior - origin

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6

scalenus posterior - insertion

external surface of second rib

scalenus posterior - nerve innervation

ventral rami of cervical nerves

scalenus posterior - action

flexes cervical column laterally and acts in respiration