Chapter 24 Reading Quiz

T/F: Because they secrete hormones, organs such as the pancreas and the gonads are also part of the endocrine system

TRUE

What does the term feedback mechanism refer to?

Biological control using levels of hormones to control further production of substances

T/F: Hypersecretion or insufficient secretion results from both intrinsic abnormalities of the target gland or because of a problem with the pituitary gland

TRUE

Which endocrine gland secretes hormones that control other glands?

pituitary gland

T/F: A child with an endocrine disturbance may suffer very different effects than an adult with the same disturbance

TRUE

What is the common pituitary cell that secretes growth hormone?

Somatotropin

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by which of the following?

Portal system

T/F: The set point at which a hormone produced by a target gland turns off tropic hormone secretion is fairly standard from individual to individual

FALSE

Which of the following is NOT a problem caused by a nonfunctional tumor?

Overproduction of prolactin

T/F: A prolactin secreting adenoma is the most likely possibility for a patient with amenorrhea galactorrhea syndrome

TRUE

In a nonpregnant women, excess secretion of which hormone may cause spontaneous secretion of milk from breasts and cessation of menstrual periods?

Prolactin

Which of the following is a rare disease usually caused by failure of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland to secrete antidiuretic hormone because of injury, tumor, or some other disease affecting the lobe?

Diabetes insipidus

To what substance is the thyroid hormone attached?

Thyroglobulin

What does the thyroid hormone control?

Rate of metabolic processes

T/F: When the thyroid gland responds to TSH stimulation in an irregular manner, a nodular goiter may result

TRUE

T/F: The disease most often associated with hypothyroidism is Graves disease

FALSE

Which of the following is NOT true about Hashimoto thyroiditis?

Infection

What is the main function of the parathyroid hormone?

Regulates calcium levels

What is the usual treatment for hyperparathyroidism?

Surgery

How does hypoparathyroidism usually occur?

Accidental removal

T/F: Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of chronic renal disease

TRUE

T/F: The secretion of parathyroid hormone is regulated by the level of a tropic hormone in the blood

FALSE

Which of the following describes the responsibility of the zona glomerulosa?

Mineralocorticoids

T/F: Addison disease results from the atrophy or destruction of both adrenal glands, usually as a result of an autoimmune disorder

TRUE

Which of the following is NOT indicative of Cushing disease?

B. Low blood pressure

T/F: In Conn syndrome, the aldosterone excess produced by aldosteronoma tumor produces excessive absorption of sodium

TRUE

T/F: Liberated catecholamines cause a rapid heart rate, rise in blood pressure, and other effects that prepare the individual to cope with the stress of an emergency

TRUE

T/F: The adrenal medulla plays a major role in responding to chronic, long-term stress

FALSE

Which of the following is about long-term stress is NOT correct?

A. Increase in response of the immune system

T/F: Homeostasis is the biological control using levels of hormones to control other substances

FALSE

Patients who have had previous radiotherapy to the head and neck have an increased risk of developing thyroid tumors.

True

Which of the following functions do glucocorticoids serve?

 

They inhibit protein synthesis and promote the breakdown of body proteins.

They raise the blood glucose by decreasing utilization in many tissues, except the brain, and promote fat breakdown.

They act at multiple sites to suppress the inflammatory reaction

A goiter that does not secrete excess thyroid hormone is called a nontoxic goiter.

True

Myxedema is another name for hyperthyroidism in an adult.

False

With other hormones, the main effect of hypothalamic-releasing hormones is to stimulate secretion. Which hormone is controlled by an inhibitory hormone?

Prolactin

Failure of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland to secrete antidiuretic hormone can be caused by which of the following?

 

Another disease involving the posterior lobe

Injury

Tumor

Acromegaly results from adenoma of the:

 

pituitary gland.

Which of the following occurs in Addison disease?

 

Low levels of cortisol in blood

High levels of ACTH in blood

Increased skin pigmentation

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of milk by the breast that has been previously stimulated by estrogen and progesterone?

Prolactin

Which of the following endocrine glands is regulated by a trophic hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

 

Adrenal cortex