Posterior Leg and Sole of Foot

What is indicated by A?

Medial calcaneal branches from tibial nerve

What is indicated by B?

Medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve

What is indicated by C?

Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve

What is indicated by D?

Saphenous nerve

What is indicated by E?

Sural nerve via lateral calcaneal and lateral dorsal cutaneous branches

How many layers of the sole of the foot are there?

5 (4 layers of muscles and 1 tough fibrous layer)

What is the fibrous layer of the sole of the foot known as?

Plantar aponeurosis

What is the function of the sole of the foot?

Accommodate foot to uneven surfaces and convert the foot to rigid lever for “push off” in gait

What is indicated by A?

Sesamoid bones of 1st metatarsal

What is indicated by B?

Heads of 2nd to 5th metatarsals

What is indicated by C?

Tuberosity of calcaneus

What is indicated by A?

Medial cuneiform

What is indicated by B?

Navicular

What is indicated by C?

Talus

What is indicated by D?

Flexor hallucis longus

What is indicated by E?

Flexor digitorum longus

What is indicated by F?

Medial malleolus

What is indicated by G?

Medial tubercle

What is indicated by H?

Sustentaculum tali

What is indicated by I?

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

What is indicated by J?

Long plantar ligament

What is indicated by K?

Plantar aponeurosis

What is indicated by A?

Superficial transverse metatarsal ligaments

What is indicated by B?

Proper plantar digital arteries and nerves

What is indicated by C?

Superficial branch of medial plantar artery

What is indicated by D?

Transverse fasciculi

What is indicated by E?

Digital slips of plantar apneurosis

What is indicated by F?

Medial plantar fascia

What is indicated by G?

Cutaneous branches of medial plantar artery and nerve

What is indicated by H?

Plantar aponeurosis

What is indicated by I?

Medial calcaneal branches of tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

What is indicated by J?

Tuberosity of calcaneus with overlying fat pad

What is indicated by K?

Lateral bad of plantar aponeurosis

What is indicated by L?

Cutaneous branches of lateral plantar artery and nerve

What is indicated by M?

Lateral plantar fascia

What is plantar fasciitis?

Painful inflammatory condition of the foot caused by excessive wear to the plantar fascia

What muscles are contained in the first layer of the sole of the foot?

Flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, and abductor digiti minimi

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum brevis?

Calcaneus and middle phalanx of digits 2-5

What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

Medial plantar nerve

What is the action of flexor digitorum brevis?

Flexes digits 2-5

What are the attachments of abductor hallucis?

Calcaneus and medial side of proximal phalanx of hallux

What innervates abductor hallucis?

Medial plantar nerve

What is the action of abductor hallucis?

Abducts and flexes hallux

What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

Calcaneus and lateral side of proximal phalanx of digit 5

What innervates abductor digiti minimi?

Lateral plantar nerve

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

Abducts and flexes digit 5

What consists of the second layer of the sole of the foot?

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus, tendon of flexor hallucis longus, lumbricals, and quadratus plantae

What is indicated by A?

Abductor digiti minimi

What is indicated by B?

Abductor hallucis

What is indicated by C?

Flexor digitorum brevis

What is indicated by A?

Lumbrical muscles

What is indicated by B?

Flexor hallucis longus

What is indicated by C?

Flexor digitorum longus

What is indicated by D?

Quadratus plantae

What are the attachments of quadratus plantae?

Medial and lateral sides of calcaneus and tendon of flexor digitorum longus

What innervates quadratus plantae?

Lateral plantar nerve

What is the action of quadratus plantae?

Flexes digits 2-5

What are the attachments of the lumbricals?

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus and medial side of dorsal digital expansion of digits 2-5

What innervates the most medial lumbrical muscle?

Medial plantar nerve

What innervates the 3 lateral lumbrical muscles?

Lateral plantar nerve

What is the action of the lumbrical muscles?

Flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

What consists of the the third layer of the sole of the foot?

Flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi (brevis), and adductor hallucis

What is indicated by A?

Flexor digiti minimi

What is indicated by B?

Adductor hallucis

What is indicated by C?

Flexor hallucis brevis

What are the attachments of flexor digiti minimi?

Base of 5th metatarsal and lateral side of proximal phalanx of digit 5

What innervates flexor digiti minimi?

Lateral plantar nerve

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi?

Flexer metatarsophalangeal joint of digit 5

What are the heads of adductor hallucis?

Oblique head and transverse head

What are the attachments of adductor hallucis?

Oblique (bases of metatarsals 2-4) and Transverse (MTP joint capsules) and lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

What innervates adductor hallucis?

Lateral plantar nerve

What is the action of adductor hallucis?

Adducts hallux

What are the attachments of flexor hallucis brevis?

Cuboid and lateral cuneiform and sides of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

What innervates flexor hallucis brevis?

Medial plantar nerve

What is the action of flexor hallucis brevis?

Flexes great toe

What are the heads of flexor hallucis brevis?

Medial and lateral

What consists of the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

7 interosseous muscles: plantar interosseous muscles, and dorsal interosseous muscles

What is the action of the plantar interosseous muscles?

Adduct digits

What is the action of the dorsal interosseous muscles?

Abducts digits

How many plantar interosseous muscles are there?

3

How many dorsal interosseous muscles are there?

4

What innervates the interosseous muscles of the sole of the foot?

Lateral plantar nerve

What digits have plantar interosseous muscles?

3-5

What is “Jogger’s Foot”?

Entrapment of the medial plantar nerve that causes aching and burning on medial side of plantar surface

When the posterior tibial artery passes through the tarsal tunnel it divides into what vessels?

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

What does the medial plantar artery supply?

Hallux and adjacent structures

What does the lateral plantar arch lead into?

Deep plantar arch

What arises from the deep plantar arch?

Plantar metatarsal arteries

What arises from the plantar metatarsal arteries?

Plantar digital branches

The deep plantar arch anastomoses with what vessel?

Arcuate artery from dorsalis pedis