Digestive System

Amino acids

Amino acids

________ are absorbed into the epithelial cells (active transport) and sometimes pass into capillaries (individually via facilitated diffusion)

Lipase

________- hydrolyses lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Mechanical digestion

________ occurs in the buccal cavity (the mouth)

Trypsinogen

________- becomes converted into trysin (protease) by enterokinase.

Amylase

________- digests any remaining starch into maltose.

HCL

________- this lowers the pH (to about 2), and is optimum for enzymes.

Pepsinogen

________ is secreted and activated by H+ ions to pepsin- an endopeptidase (this hydrolyses protein into polypeptides)

Epithelium

________ secretes mucus, lubricating and protecting mucosa.

Mucus

________- lubricates the foods passage along oesophagus.

Bile

________ is alkaline- neutralises the acid in food from the stomach.

epithelial cells

Water is absorbed into ________ via osmosis.

stomach

Food is carried to the ________, from the buccal cavity through the oesophagus.

Sucrase

________ hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose.

E

Vitamins A, D, and ________ are lipid soluble and dissolve into lacteals.

Lactase

________ hydrolyses lactose into glucose and galactose.

Endopeptidases

________- hydrolyse protein to peptides.

Egestion

________: removal of waste not made by the body, such as undigested food (e.g.

mastication

Food is mixed with saliva by the tongue and is chewed with teeth (________)

Absorption

________: passage of molecules and ions through gut wall into the blood.

Minerals

________ are into blood via diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Submucosa

________- connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels, which remove absorbed products of digestion.

Maltase

________ hydrolyses maltose into two glucose molecules into two glucose molecules.

hydrophilic parts

It contains no enzymes, but contains bile salts (amphipathic- contain hydrophobic and ________)

Ingestion

________: food taken in through mouth (buccal cavity)

Mucosa

________- lines the gut wall.

Serosa

________- tough connective tissue protecting the gut wall.

large surface area

It contains villi and microvilli- providing ________ for absorption.

Vitamins B

________ and C are absorbed into the blood (water soluble)

Gastric juices

________ are secreted through gastric pits.

Colon wall

________ has fewer, but larger, villi than small intestine and is used for water absorption.

Digestion

________: breakdown of insoluble molecules into soluble ones.

Amylase

________- starts the breakdown of starch into maltose.

Mucus

________- secreted by goblet cells and forms a protective lining to the wall from the enzymes through the pancreatic duct.

Bile

________ is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and passes through the duodenum through ________ duct.

Absorption

________ requires ATP for active transport (many mitochondria found in the epithelial cells)