CHE 202 chapter 13: properties of solutions

the solution process

homogeneous mixtures of a solute and a solvent

exothermic processes

solution formation releases heat

endothermic process

solutional formation absorbs heat

entrophy

a measure of randomness of a system. The higher the entrophy the more disordered the system

unsaturated

more solute can dissolve

saturated

maximum solute is dissolved, at equilibrium

supersaturated

more solute than normally possible hold, unstable

solubiltiy

the quantity of solute dissolved in a given solvent at a specific tempature

solute-solvent interactions

polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, non polar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents

pressure effects

solubility of gases in liquids increases with pressure

solubility of solids in liquids_____with tempature

increases

solubility of gases in liquids_____ with tempature

decreases

Which of the following best describes a solution?

A homogeneous mixture of a solute and solvent

When a solution forms, what happens to the entropy (S) of the system?

it always increases

Which of the following conditions would favor an exothermic dissolution process?

When ΔH₃ > (ΔH₁ + ΔH₂)

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature is:

saturated

Which of the following describes a supersaturated solution?

A solution that holds more solute than it normally can at a given temperature

According to Henry’s Law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid:

Increases with increasing pressure

Why does increasing temperature generally increase the solubility of solids in liquids?

More energy helps break intermolecular forces in the solute

What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid as the temperature increases?

it decreases

Which of the following compounds would be least soluble in water?

6. CCl₄ (carbon tetrachloride) (because it is nonpolar, and water is polar – "like dissolves like")

Pressure has an appreciable effect on the solubility of __________ in liquids.

gases

Which of the following statements is false?

The weaker the attraction between the solute and solvent molecules, the greater the solubility

Which one of the following concentration units varies with temperature?

molarity