Lecture 04 Cyclin CDKs Cell cycle checkpoints

Cyclins are _______ proteins to ensure the cell cycle occurs and activates ______ to begin phosphorylating.

-regulatory

-cyclin dependent kinases (CDKS)

Kinases are a _______ enzyme that will add _______ to other molecules that change the ______ of a targeted protein to make the cell cycle progress

-protein

-phosphate group(taken from ATP)

-behavior

Phosphatases are enzymes that ________ phosphorates

-remove

For observation

……….

CCCPs or _____ _________ __________ are points which the _____ can be stopped. This is to prevent cells from ________ when it is not appropriate

-Cell Cycle Checkpoints

-cell cycle

-proceeding

Three Main CCPs are….

1st _____: the commitment to ______ divide at all(regulated by _______)

2nd ______: the commitment to proceed to _______ or _______( regulated by ________)

3rd _______: the commitment to proceed into ______(______ replicated DNA) (regulated by _______)

-G1/S, CDKS

-G2/M, mitosis, meiosis, CDK

-Spindle checkpoint, anaphase, segregated, APC(anaphase promoting complex

In each checkpoint there are different conditions that must be meet before proceeding

G1/S phase: appropriate _______ size, sufficient ______ state, No DNA _____, appropriate time

G2/M phase: DNA must be completely ______, No DNA _____, sufficient ____ of cell

Spindle Checkpoint: are _______ aligned properly for DNA ________

-cell, nutritional, damage

-replicated, damage, size

-chromosomes, segregation