Chemistry Exam 5

Antiepiletics

Phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, Valproic acid, ethosuximide

Antineoplastics

Methotrexate

Immunosupressors

Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine

Cardioactive

Digoxin, Procainamide

Lithium

Treats manic episodes. Increased reuptake of catecholamines.

Theophylline

Relaxes bronchial muscle.

Volatiles

Ethanol (liver toxicity, acetate), Methanol, Isopropyl alcohol (acetone), Ethylene glycol

Chemicals

Pulmonary edema, lesions in esophagus or GI, hematemesis, perforation, abdominal pain, acid/alkalosis. Treated w dilution

Pesticides

Salts of heavy metals. Causes CNS neurotoxicity

Arsenic

Carcinogen. Treated w chelation therapy.

Cadmium

Binds to proteins, resembles emphysema, accumulates in kidney.

Lead

Inhibits enzyme pathways. Treated w chelators.

Mercury

GI irritation, kidney damage, neurological symptoms.

Aspirin/Salicylate

Inhibits cyclooxygenase, decreases thromboxane and prostaglandin formation. Interferes w platelet aggregation + GI function. Reye’s Syndrome

Aspirin/Salicylate Toxicity

Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. Treated w activated charcoal

Acetaminophen

Hepatic toxicity, metabolic acidosis. Treated w NAC

Amphetamine overdose

Hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, convulsions

Opiates/opioids

Constipation, hypothermia, respiratory acidosis, cardiopulmonary failure