AP US History Period 2, APUSH PERIOD 2

Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore

Created Maryland - a colony that would be a haven for Catholics in America.

Act of Toleration

The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but it called for death of all non-Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics. Was meant to protect the Catholics living in Maryland.

Roger Williams

A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. He was banished from the Bay colony for his beliefs. In 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence, Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

This Puritan believed in antinomianism and was banished from the Bay colony because of her beliefs. In 1638, she founded the colony of Portsmouth. Her story is one that shows a lack of "religious freedom" in New England.

antinomianism

The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation. Defied the Puritan beliefs.....

Halfway covenant

Puritan church membership as dropping. So, in the 1660s, people could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ. It was created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members.

Quakers

Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania. In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting his family a large parcel of American land. This Quaker, formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania.

Holy Experiment

William Penn wanted a colony to provide a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself.

rice plantations

These plantations required a large land area and many slaves. Tended to be in the SOUTHERN colonies.

tobacco farms

This industry helped Jamestown survive. Is often referred to as "brown gold". Soon, most of the Southern colonies had these farms.

John Cabot

First Englishman to explore lands in North America which England would later settle in the early 1600's.

Jamestown

Virginia's first permanent colony. In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America was founded at this location. Home of Pocahontas and John Smith.

Captain John Smith

Because of his forceful leadership, Jamestown barely survived its first five years. He created a simple rule - "he who shall not work shall not eat."

John Rolfe

First to farm tobacco in Jamestown. He helped Jamestown develop a new variety of tobacco which became popular in Europe and became a profitable crop.

Pocahontas

She was the American Indian wife of John Rolfe in early settlement days in Jamestown.

Puritans

Group of dissenters that wanted to 'purify' the Church of England. In 1630 they founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Boston.

Pilgrims

Separatist. Radical dissenters to the Church of England, They became known as Pilgrims,

Mayflower

In 1620, the boat that the Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth.

Plymouth Colony

This colony was started by the Pilgrims at Plymouth (Massachusetts).

John Winthrop

In 1630, he led about a thousand Puritans to America and and founded Boston and several other towns. He was a very religious leader - he helped keep the Puritans in power.

Great Migration

This movement started because of a civil war in England. Nearly 15,000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Thomas Hooker

In 1636, he led a large group of Boston Puritans to found Hartford, which is now Connecticut. In 1639 they drew up the first written constitution in American history.

Connecticut

In 1665, New Haven and Hartford joined to form the colony of Connecticut under a royal charter.

The Carolinas

In 1663, King Charles II granted eight nobles the Carolinas. In 1729, the Carolinas were split into two royal colonies. In South Carolina, the economy was based on the fur trade and growing food for the West Indies, which led to many plantations. In North Carolina, there were many small tobacco farms and fewer plantations.

New York

James of England took control of the Dutch colony that was located there. The English wanted to use the good harbor there for trade.

New Jersey

The territory of New York was split. In 1674, land was granted to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Eventually they sold to the Quakers.

Delaware

In 1702, William Penn granted the lower three colonies of Pennsylvania their own assembly.

Georgia

In 1732, this colony was formed to provide a buffer between wealthy Carolinians and Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again.

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia's first settlement, Savannah, in 1733. He acted as governor of Georgia and had strict laws which included a ban on rum and slavery. His dreams of a utopian society ultimately failed.

Wampanoags

An American Indian tribe led by Metacom. Waged war on the settlements in New England and was ultimately defeated.

Metacom

This American Indian chief was known to the colonists as King Philip. He joined together the Native American tribes to fight the colonists in King Philip's War, a war that lasted from 1675 to 1676.

Mayflower Compact

In 1620, while they were sailing to America on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims created this document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority. It was a rudimentary written constitution.

House of Burgesses

In 1619, just 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia's colonists organized the first representative assembly in America

Sir William Berkeley

Royal Governor of Virginia who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. He put down Bacon's rebellion in 1676.

Bacon's Rebellion

In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers that raided Native American villages, fought the governor's forces, and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion was caused by the Governor's unfair favoritism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from Native American raids.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

In 1639, the Hartford settlers drew up the first written constitution in America. It established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature.

New England Confederation

In 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven colonies formed a military alliance to deal with the threat from the Native Americans. It lasted until 1684.

corporate colonies

Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown.

proprietary colonies

Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king

Chesapeake Colonies

In 1632, the area once known as the Virginia colony, has divided into the Virginia and Maryland colony.

mercantilism

An economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country.

Navigation Acts

Between 1650 and 1673 England passed a series of acts which establish rules for colonial trade. It was meant to keep the American colonies from smuggling.

Dominion of New England

James II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies. This was wildly unpopular.

Sir Edmund Andros

He was sent England to govern the dominion of New England. he was very unpopular by levying new taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles. When James II was overthrown, Andros was quickly removed from power.

Glorious Revolution

In 1688, King James II was deposed and replaced with William and Mary. This brought the end to the Dominion of New England, and the colonies operated under their previous structure.

indentured servants

Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free.

headright system

A method for attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage.

slavery

The first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619, they were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant.

triangular trade

Merchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane was brought back to the colonies to make rum.

Middle Passage

Voyage from West Africa to the West Indies. It was miserable for the slaves transported and many died.

Starving Period

Occurred in Jamestown. Many of the original settlers die of disease, starvation, etc.

What did the cash crop lead to?

the plantation system

The New England colonies had...

religious motives for colonization.

_____________ became an important part of direct democracy in colonial America (all church going males could participate).

Town Hall Meeting

Roger Williams Called for complete separation of _________and criticized the colonies treatment of Native Americans

church and state

Providence was the first colony with

complete religious freedom

Anne Hutchinson

American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)

New York was originally a Dutch colony called

New Amsterdam

Mercantilism

colonies to enrich the mother country. Eventually, the colonies tired of this policy and sought to overthrow the mother country.

Salutary Neglect

A period from 1607-1763 in which England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary laws, which allowed the colonies to flourish as almost independent states for many years.

Navigation Acts

1. Trade carried only in English or colonial ships

2. Trade had to pass through English ports.

3. Certain enumerated goods from the colonies could be exported only to England (tobacco, etc.)

Stono Uprising, 1739 South Carolina

One of few slave revolts in Colonial America. Slaves tried to get to Florida for freedom

Salem Witch Trials: Salem, Massachusetts 1692

19 people hung and 1 pressed to death

The Great Awakening was a ___________ in the 1730-1740s that spread throughout the colonies

religious revival

What happened to many people during the Great Awakening?

Many people converted and joined local various protestant groups

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god"

George Whitefield

introduced a new energized style of evangelical preaching.

New Lights vs. Old Lights

New Lights brought new ideas, rejected by Old Lights; both sought out institutions independent of each other

Examples of colonial self- government

Mayflower Compact, Town Hall Meetings, House of Burgesses, elected representative assemblies, etc.

Zenger case (1733): advanced freedom of the press

-printed a newspaper critical of the royal governor in New York.
- Charged with libel>jury ruled NOT GUILTY
- Could be critical of elected officials if the statements were true.

The French

Lived in interior North America. Generally had better trade relationships with the American Indians.

The Spanish

Maintained its territory in the Southwest United States and Mexico during this 1600s. Most notable event during this time was Pueblo's Revolt.

The British Colonies

Divided into three groups in North America: New England, Middle and Southern. All had some commonalities and differences.