APHG Unit 5 Vocab Topic 1

Use this for the Topic checks and AP Exam

Agribusiness

The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. It includes activities ranging from seed production, to retailing, to consumption of agricultural products.

Desertification

The process by which formerly fertile lands become increasingly arid, unproductive, and desert-like.

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

Primary Economic Activity

an economic activity that involves collecting, extracting or harvesting natural resources

Vegetative Planting

reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants

Agricultural hearths

the "birthplace" of a crop, or where a crop is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world

Domestication

The process by which wild animals are cultivated into a resource supply for humans

Irrigation

the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops

Seed drill

machine that sowed seeds in rows and covered up the seeds in rows

Columbian Exchange

the term given to the transfer of plants, animals, disease, and technology between the Old World from which Columbus came and the New World which he found

Enclosure

Fencing or hedging large blocks of land.

Mercantilism

System where private companies acted in the interest of a European country to bring raw materials from
colonial areas and trade finished European goods back to the colonies.

Seed planting

The production of plants through annual planting of seeds.

Crop rotation

a system developed during the Second Agricultural Revolution in order to preserve the mineral health of soil used in agriculture and prevents patches of land from being exhausted

Hunters and gatherers

forage or hunt food from their environment

Post-industrial societies

Countries where most people are no longer employed in industry