Natures chemistry flashcards

How is 'an alcohol whose -OH group is attached to a carbon attached to no other hydrogens' described?

tertiary

Fehlings solution changes colour from blue to which colour?

brick red

What are tertiary alcohols oxidised to?

They cannot be oxidised

What type of compound can be used to prevent non-polar and polar substances from separating into layers?

emulsifier

Which group is circled in the diagram?

amino

How is 'an alcohol whose -OH group is attached to a carbon attached to 2 other hydrogens' described?

primary

Essential amino acids are amino acids which must be acquired from the ____.

Identify the missing term.

diet

What are major structural materials of animal tissue?

protein

What are molecules that prevent unwanted oxidation?

antioxidants - free radical scavengers

Oils have a lower melting point because they are more __________. Identify the missing term.

unsaturated

What can be defined as 'compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae'?

isomers

Which oxidising agent changes colour from blue to brick red?

fehlings solution

What can be described as 'molecules that react with free radicals to form stable molecules' ?

free radical scavenger

Many flavour and aroma molecules are __________.

Identify the missing term.

aldehydes

Name the salt that is produced when potassium hydroxide reacts with butanoic acid.

potassium butanoate

Name the following carboxylic acid.

6-methylheptatanoic acid

Metal carbonate + acid --> salt + water + ______________. Identify the missing term.

carbon dioxide

Name the following carboxylic acid.

octanoic acid

Hot copper (II) oxide changes from black to which colour?

brown

The volatility of a compound is affected by the ____________ forces present. Identify the missing term.

intermolecular

Which type of addition reaction is shown below?

hydration (adding water)

What type of compounds will have no reaction with bromine water?

saturated (alkane/single bond)

What type of compounds will quickly decolourise bromine water?

unsaturated (alkenes/double bond)

A hydration reaction involves the addition of what to an alkene?

water

As alkanes increase in molecular size, their melting point also increases. This is due to the presence of which intermolecular force?

London dispersion forces

What happens to the melting point as the size of a compound increases?

it increases

A polar compound will be soluble in __________ compounds. Identify the missing term.

polar

Which term can be used to describe the following compounds?

isomers

A hydrogenation reaction involves the addition of what to an alkene?

hydrogen

How can alkanes be described in terms of saturation?

saturated

How can the molecule in the diagram be described in terms of saturation?

saturated

What will happen to bromine water if an alkene is added to it?

quickly decolourises

How can alkenes be described in terms of saturation?

unsaturated

What will happen to bromine water if an alkane is added to it?

nothing

What type of alcohol is shown: primary, secondary or tertiary?

primary

Name the following alcohol.

2-methylbutan-1-ol

The number of hydroxyl groups on an alcohol affects its melting point. This is due to a greater degree of ___________ _________. Identify the missing term.

hydrogen bonding

What is the name of the functional group found in an alcohol?

hydroxyl

What type of alcohol is shown: primary, secondary or tertiary?

secondary

Name the following alcohol.

5-methylhexan-2-ol

Name the following alcohol.

2,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol

Name the following alcohol.

methanol

Alcohols with more hydroxyl groups will have a ______boiling point. Identify the missing term.

higher

How would this alcohol be described?

diol

Name the following alcohol.

pentan-2-ol

Name the following alcohol.

heptan-4-ol

What type of alcohol is shown: primary, secondary or tertiary?

tertiary

How would this alcohol be described?

triol

How is 'an alcohol whose -OH group is attached to a carbon attached to 1 other hydrogen' described?

secondary

Name the following alcohol.

2-methylpentan-2-ol

Name the following carboxylic acid.

6-methylheptanoic acid

Metal carbonate + acid --> salt + water + ______________. Identify the missing term.

carbon dioxide

What is the name of the functional group found in a carboxylic acid?

carboxyl

Name the following carboxylic acid.

2-methylbutanoic acid

Name the salt that is produced when lithium carbonate reacts with ethanoic acid.

lithium ethanoate

Name the following carboxylic acid.

octanoic acid

Name the salt that is produced when potassium hydroxide reacts with butanoic acid.

potassium butanoate

Name the following carboxylic acid.

butanoic acid

metal oxide + acid --> water + ____. Identify the missing term.

salt

Name the salt that is produced when sodium oxide reacts with propanoic acid.

sodium propanoate

Name the following carboxylic acid.

3-methylpentanoic acid

Name the following carboxylic acid.

ethanoic acid

Name the following ester.

ethyl pentanoate

What is the name of the reaction that forms esters from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

condensation

Name the reaction in the diagram.

condensation

What is the carboxylic acid that is produced during hydrolysis of ethyl hexanoate?

hexanoic acid

Name the following ester.

butyl ethanoate

The higher saturation of fats means they are more tightly packed together. This causes stronger_____________ _________. Identify the missing term.

intermolecular forces

Which has the higher melting point? Oils or Fats

Fats

Which chemical is used to test for saturation?

bromine water

Fats have a higher melting point because they are more __________. Identify the missing term.

saturated

Esters are used as solvents, fragrances and ________. Identify the missing term.

flavourings

What type of compound will quickly decolourise bromine water?

unsaturated

Name the carboxylic acid that is used in the production of butyl pentanoate.

pentanoic acid

During a condensation reaction an ester is formed, and what else?

water

Name the alcohol that is used in the production of methyl ethanoate.

methanol

How many carboxylic acids are used to produce edible fats and oils?

3

Name the alcohol which is used to make edible fats and oils.

glycerol / propane-1,2,3-triol

Which reaction makes edible fats and oils from glycerol and three carboxylic acid molecules?

condensation

What is the alcohol that is produced during hydrolysis of pentyl butanoate?

pentanol

Name the functional group.

ester link

Which process is defined as ' the breaking apart of a large molecule into to smaller molecules by the adding water' ?

hydrolysis

Name the reaction in the diagram.

hydrolysis

Oils have a lower melting point because they are more __________. Identify the missing term.

unsaturated

Fats and oils are needed because they are a concentrated source of ______ and essential for the transport and storage of fat-soluble vitamins.

Identify the missing term.

energy

Name the following ester.

methyl propanoate

Name the following ester.

hexyl methanoate

What is the name of the reaction that breaks esters into alcohols and carboxylic acids?

hydrolysis

What term is given to substances with non-polar hydrophobic tails and ionic hydrophilic heads which act in the same way as soaps but don't produce scum in hard water?

detergents

Soaps are made from the alkaline hydrolysis of edible ____ and oils.

Identify the missing term.

fats

How is the tail of a soap described?

hydrophobic / non-polar

Soaps are made from the alkaline hydrolysis of edible fats and ____.

Identify the missing term.

oils

An ________ contains small droplets of one liquid dispersed in another liquid.

Identify the missing term.

emulsifier

Emulsifiers for use in food can be made by reacting edible oils with ___________.

Identify the missing term.

glycerol

Soaps are used to remove __________ substances such as grease and oil.

Identify the missing term.

non-polar

How is the head of a soap described?

hydrophilic / polar

Hard water is water with high levels of ______ ions.

metal

What type of compound can be used to prevent non-polar and polar substances from separating into layers?

emulsifier

What is formed when soap is used in areas of hard water?

scum / insoluble precipitate

Name the reaction that produces soaps from edible fats and oils.

alkaline hydrolysis