Human Bio Final Review

high school human bio

Sagittal plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves.

Transverse plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

Liver

Produces bile (stored in gallbladder) that aids fat digestion in the small intestine.

Pancreas

Secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine.

Function of the digestive system

To break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste.

Mastication

Chewing; the mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth.

Function of peristalsis

Muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Bile

Breaks fat into small droplets (emulsification), making it easier for enzymes to digest.

Dialysis

A medical process that filters waste from the blood when kidneys fail.

Kidney stones

Hard deposits of minerals/salts that form in kidneys and cause pain during urination.

Blood pressure

The force of blood pushing against artery walls.

Systolic

Pressure during heartbeats.

Diastolic

Pressure between heartbeats.

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen.

White blood cells

Fight infection.

Platelets

Help blood clot.

Plasma

Liquid part of blood with nutrients/hormones.

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow heart rate.

Tachycardia

Abnormally fast heart rate.

Myocardial infarction

Medical term for heart attack.

Master gland

The pituitary gland; controls other endocrine glands.

Negative feedback

Maintains balance by turning off hormone production when levels are high.

Diabetes mellitus

A disease where the body doesn’t make or respond to insulin properly, causing high blood sugar