Test 2 Review - Eye, Ear, and Endocrine Anatomy & Physiology

Vocabulary flashcards covering eye structures, ear anatomy, endocrine concepts, and essay pathways for Test 2.

Sclera

A structure of the eyeball required to be located on a diagram and matched with its specific function.

Cornea

An external structure of the eyeball to locate on a diagram and match with its functional role.

Conjunctiva

An eyeball-associated structure whose location on a diagram and function must be known.

Lateral canthus

An outer structure of the eye to be identified on a anatomical diagram.

Medial canthus

An inner corner structure of the eye to be located on a diagram.

Pupil

An eyeball structure to be identified on a diagram and matched with its function in light passage.

Lens

An eyeball structure that focuses light; required to be labeled on a diagram and matched with its function.

Lacrimal caruncle

A structure associated with the eye to identify on a diagram.

Lacrimal gland

A tear-producing structure to be located on an eye diagram and matched with its function.

Nasolacrimal duct

A duct structure related to the lacrimal apparatus to locate on a diagram.

Iris

A pigmented eyeball structure to locate on a diagram and match with its functional role.

Ciliary body

An internal eyeball structure to locate on a diagram and understand functionally.

Choroid

A vascular layer structure of the eyeball to locate on a diagram and match with its function.

Neural tunic (retina)

The light-sensitive inner tunic layer of the eyeball to locate on a diagram and identify by function.

Aqueous humor

The fluid structure in the anterior segment of the eyeball to identify on a diagram and match with its function.

Vitreous humor

The gel-like fluid filling the posterior cavity of the eyeball to identify on a diagram.

Fovea centralis

A specific area of high visual acuity in the neural tunic to identify on a diagram and match with its function.

Macula lutea

An area of the retina surrounding the fovea centralis to locate on an eye diagram.

Optic nerve

The nerve structure that carries visual information from the eye toward the brain.

Optic disc (blind spot)

The site on the retina where the optic nerve exits, lacking photoreceptors; must be located on a diagram.

Pinna

An external ear structure to label on a diagram and know the function of.

Helix

The rim portion of the pinna of the external ear to label on a diagram.

Lobule

The inferior portion of the external ear (earlobe) to label on a diagram.

External acoustic meatus

The ear canal through which sound waves travel toward the middle ear and tympanic membrane.

Tympanic membrane

The eardrum separating the external and middle ear; to label on a diagram and match with function.

Pharyngotympanic tube

The tube connecting the middle ear to the pharynx; to label on a diagram and identify by function.

Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

The three tiny bones in the middle ear that transmit and amplify sound vibrations.

Round window

A membrane-covered opening in the inner ear to label on a diagram and match with its function.

Oval window

An opening in the inner ear pressed against by the stapes; to label on a diagram and state its function.

Semicircular canals

Structures of the inner ear to label on an ear diagram.

Vestibule

An internal ear structure involved in balance; to label on a diagram and know the function of.

Cochlea

The snail-shaped internal ear structure containing sensory receptors for hearing; to label and know the function of.

Cochlear nerve

The nerve carrying auditory action potentials from the cochlea to the auditory cortex.

Spiral organ of Corti

The receptor organ for hearing located inside the cochlea; to label on a diagram and identify by function.

Maculae

Sensory receptor structures in the inner ear to label on a diagram and know the function of.

Crista ampullaris

A sensory receptor structure located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear to label and know the function of.

Tectorial membrane

A membrane structure in the cochlea interacting with hair cells; to label on a diagram and know its function.

Hyposecretion

Underproduction or insufficient release of a hormone by an endocrine gland.

Hypersecretion

Overproduction or excessive release of a hormone by an endocrine gland.

Pathway of Light through the Eye

An essay question topic covering the complete route light travels from entry until converting into a visual image and nerve impulse interpreted by the brain.

Pathway of Sound through the Ear

An essay question topic detailing how sound moves from the external acoustic meatus to the cochlear nerve and auditory cortex, converting sound waves into action potentials.