History Chapter 2 Flashcards

Q: What did the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 do?

A: Guaranteed freedom of worship for all Christians but punished those denying Jesus or the Trinity.

Q: Why was the Maryland Toleration Act passed?

A: Lord Baltimore wanted to protect Catholics and attract Protestant settlers.

Q: Why was the Anglican Church created?

A: Henry VIII split from the Catholic Church after the pope refused to annul his marriage.

Q: What conflict followed the creation of the Anglican Church?

A: Decades of religious strife between Catholics and Protestants in England.

Q: What were captivity narratives?

A: Accounts by colonists captured by Native Americans.

Q: What was the most famous captivity narrative?

A: Mary Rowlandson's The Sovereignty and Goodness of God (1670s), who was held for three months in the 1670s.

Q: Who were Dissenters?

A: Protestants who belonged to non-Anglican denominations.

Q: Which colony became a haven for Dissenters?

A: Rhode Island, founded by Roger Williams.

Q: What were dower rights in the colonies?

A: Widows inherited one-third of their husband's property until their death.

Q: How did women's rights differ in Spanish, French, and Dutch colonies?

A: They could own property independently because coverture was not used.

Q: What was the Enclosure Movement in England?

A: Landlords fenced off common land, evicting small farmers to raise sheep for wool.

Q: How did the Enclosure Movement affect Colonialization?

A: It created a surplus poor population, encouraging emigration to America.

Q: What was "English Liberty"?

A: The idea that all Englishmen had rights protecting them from arbitrary rule.

Q: Which document inspired English Liberty?

A: The Magna Carta (1215), which established that the king was subject to the rule of law and that "free men" were protected from arbitrary imprisonment and seizure of property.

Q: What was the Great Migration?

A: About 21,000 Puritans migrated to Massachusetts between 1630-1642.

Q: How did New England settlers differ from other colonies?

A: They came in families, were more prosperous, and had a balanced sex ratio.

Q: Why was the Half-Way Covenant adopted?

A: To allow baptism of grandchildren of original Puritans despite parents lacking conversion.

Q: Did the Half-Way Covenant revive church membership?

A: No, membership continued to stagnate.

Q: What was the headright system?

A: Granted 50 acres of land for each passage paid to Virginia.

Q: How could someone get a large estate under the headright system?

A: By bringing many indentured servants to America.

Q: What was the House of Burgesses?

A: The first elected assembly in colonial America, which was created by the Virginia Company as part of a "charter of grants and liberties" to make the colony more attractive to settlers.

Q: What limits did the House of Burgesses have?

A: Only landowners could vote, and the governor could veto its laws.

Q: What were indentured servants?

A: People who gave up freedom for 5-7 years in exchange for passage to America.

Q: How were indentured servants similar to enslaved people?

A: They could be bought/sold, punished, and could not marry without permission.

Q: What was the Mayflower Compact?

A: The first written framework of government in America, signed by Pilgrims in 1620.

Q: What did the Mayflower Compact pledge?

A: To obey "just and equal laws" created by elected representatives.

Q: What caused the Pequot War?

A: Conflict between the Pequot people and English colonists with Native allies.

Q: What was the outcome of the Pequot War?

A: Over 500 Pequots were killed, survivors enslaved or absorbed, and their name banned.

Q: What was the Virginia Company?

A: A joint-stock company that sponsored Jamestown in 1607.

Q: How did the Virginia Company encourage settlement?

A: Introduced the headright system and the House of Burgesses.