Mitosis & Meiosis Presentation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Cell Cycle

The series of phases that a cell goes through including G1, S, G2, and Mitosis/Cytokinesis.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle that includes normal growth and metabolic activity.

Mitosis

A process of cell division for growth and repair, producing diploid cells that are genetically identical.

Haploid

A cell that contains one set of chromosomes, typical in gametes (sperm and egg).

Diploid

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent.

Chromosome

A structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.

Sister Chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome, connected at the centromere.

Centromere

The region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined.

Cytokinesis

The process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Kinetochore

A protein structure at the centromere where spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and spindle fibers begin to form.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the midline of the cell.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope re-forms.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.

Gametes

Haploid reproductive cells, specifically sperm and eggs.

Cleavage Furrow

The indentation that begins the process of cytokinesis in animal cells.

Chiasmata

The points where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during crossing over.

Tetrad

A pair of homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids.

Meiosis I

The first division of meiosis that separates homologous chromosomes.

Meiosis II

The second division of meiosis that separates sister chromatids.