Bio 181 Unit 3

metabolism

sum of all chemical reactions in a cell

catabolism

break down molecules into smaller components (digestion), exergonic

anabolism

build larger molecules from smaller components (synthesis), endergonic

exergonic

releases energy

endergonic

requires energy

energy

capacity to do work or rearrange matter

potential energy

stored energy (food, chemical bonds, water behind dam)

kinetic energy

energy of motion (running, breaking chemical bonds)

1st law of thermodynamics

(conservation of energy) energy is not created or destroyed, only changed in form

2nd law of thermodynamics

(entropy = state of disorder) when energy is changed from 1 form to another, energy is lost (heat)

carbohydrates

quick energy source

monosaccharide

single sugar molecule (glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose)

chemical formula for glucose

C6H12O6

isomer

same molecular formula, different arrangement of atoms