CLST 301

brachi-

arm

bucc-

cheek

caud-

tail

celi-; cel-; lapar-; abdomin-; ventr-(*)

abdomen (see Mod. 9, ventr-)

cephal-

head

cervic- (*); trachel- (*)

neck, any neck within the body structure

(see mod. 7, cervic-, trachel-)

cheil-

labi-

lip; labium (pl. labia)

cheir-

chir-

hand

dactyl-

digit (i.e., finger or toe)

derm-

dermat-

skin

gnath-

jaw

inguin-

groin

later- (*)

the side (of the body) (see mod. 11, later-)

lumb-

loin

ment- (*)

chin (see mod. 5, ment-)

om-

shoulder

omphal-;

umbilic-

navel; umbilicus

path-

disease

pod-

ped- (*)

foot (see mod. 4, ped-)

sarc-

flesh

soma-

somat-

body

thorac-; steth-; pector-

chest; thorax

-ad

moving in a direction towards (when two roots are used, the first root denotes the origin and the second the direction, e.g. cephalocaudad means "moving in a direction from the head towards the tail." The order of the roots must be preserved with this suffix.)

-ate

having; having the form of

-e

an instrument

-ics

study (of a subject) (the termination -logy is more commonly used and should be used unless one is directed to use the suffix -ics)

-ist

a specialist (in a subject)

-itis

inflammation

-oid

resembling

like

-osis

-ism

-iasis

disorder (of an organ/structure/function/characteristic);

(abnormal) condition characterised/caused by (a substance)

(note that -osis is the most commonly used of these three suffixes, you must use -osis unless directed otherwise.)

-ous (*)

containing (see -ous below, in Grammatical Suffixes)

-ia

-y

suffixes which create a noun (often this suffix does not require translation, but if context requires it could be rendered as "condition" or "condition characterized by," but translation will depend upon the context

No single definition is possible.)

-ic

-al

-ical

-ac

-ar

-ary

-eal

-ine

-ous (*)

suffixes which create an adjective; (most usually the meaning is ) pertaining to; located in (but it will depend upon context, in some instances these phrases cannot be used.)

(see above clinical suffixes, for -ous)

-algia

pain (usually followed by "in")

-cele

protrusion (of an organ or other structure); protrusion filled with (a substance)

-ectome

instrument used to excise (i.e., to cut out)

-ectomize

to excise; to cut out; to remove

-ectomy

excision

-gram

record

-graph

instrument used to record

-graphy

act of recording

-logist

a specialist in the study (of a subject)

-logical

pertaining to the study (of a subject)

-logy

study (of a subject)

-megaly

enlargement (of an organ or structure)

-meter

instrument used to measure

-metry

measurement (of an organ, structure, function, characteristic)

-ostomy

creation of a passage between (one organ) and (another organ); creation of a passage between two segments of (one organ)

-pathic

pertaining to disease; diseased

-pathy

disease

-plasty

surgical repair

-scope

instrument used to make visual examination (on rare occasion the instrument does not refer to visual examination but to examination by other means)

-scopy

visual examination

-tome

instrument used to cut

-tomy

cutting into, incision

a-; (an-); (ar-)

absence; lack (if attached to a noun); lacking; without (if attached to an adjective) (a- becomes an- when the following letter is a vowel or "h", it becomes ar- when the following letter is "r")

ante-; pre-; pro-

before

anti-

against

de-

from; down from; away

dia-

through

dys-

faulty; difficult; bad; painful (if attached to a noun); with difficulty; badly (if attached to an adjective or verb)

ecto-

outside

en-; endo-; ento-

in; within

epi-

on; upon; toward

eso-; eiso-

in; into

eu-

normal; good; well

ex-; exo-

out; out of; outside of

hyper-

above; excessive; excess of; greater than normal

hypo-; sub-

below; under; less than normal; deficiency of

infra-

below

inter-

between

intra-

within

meta-

beyond; after; change

neo-

new

non- (*)

not (see mod. 8, non-)

para-

beside; beyond

peri-; circum-

around

post-

after; behind; posterior

super-; supra

above; beyond; superior

syn-; con-

with; together; fused (this last meaning is used only in particular contexts.)

trans-

across, through

blephar-

eyelid

chori-, choroid-

choroid, middle layer of the eye

conjunctiv-

conjunctiva; membrane that lines the eyelid

cor-; core-; pupill-

pupil

cycl-; ciliar-; cili-

ciliary body; the structure encircling the lens

dacry-; lacrim-

tear; tear sac

dacrocyst-

tear sac

ir-; irid-

iris

kerat- (*); cerat- (*); cornu- (*); corne- (*)

cornea (see mod. 6, kerat-, cerat-, cornu-, corne-)

ophthalm-; ocul-

eye

opt-

eye; vision

phac-; phak-; lent-

lens

retin-

retina; inner layer of the eye

scler-

sclera; outer layer of the eye

auricul-

auricle; pinna; the outer structure of the ear

cochle-

cochlea (liquid-filled structure through which sound vibrations pass)

incud-

incus; anvil-shaped bone of the middle ear

labyrinth-

labyrinth, inner ear

malle-

malleus, hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear