kines elbow, forearm, and wrist ROM

elbow flexion normal ROM

130-150

elbow flexion axis

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

elbow flexion stationary arm

parallel to the midline of the humerus

elbow flexion moveable arm

parallel to the radius

elbow extension normal ROM

0-15

elbow extension axis

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

elbow extension stationary arm

parallel to the midline of the humerus

elbow extension moveable arm

parallel to the radius

forearm supination normal ROM

0-80

forearm supination axis

ulnar border of the lateral aspect of the wrist

forearm supination/pronation stationary arm

parallel to humerus

forearm supination moveable arm

resting on the volar aspect of the wrist

forearm pronation normal ROM

0-80 or 90

forearm pronation axis

ulnar border of dorsal aspect of the wrist, proximal or distal to ulnar styloid

forearm moveable arm

resting on the dorsal aspect of the wrist

wrist flexion normal ROM

0-80

wrist flexion axis

dorsal over central wrist when wrist is fully flexed

wrist flexion stationary arm

centrally over the dorsal distal forearm

wrist flexion moveable arm

dorsum of the hand along the 3rd metacarpal shaft

wrist extension normal ROM

0-70

wrist extension axis

volar over central wrist when wrist is fully flexed

wrist extension stationary arm

centrally over the volar distal forearm

wrist extension moveable arm

volar portion of the hand along the 3rd metacarpal shaft (place between 2nd and 3rd digits)

wrist ulnar deviation normal ROM

0-30 degrees

wrist ulnar deviation axis

dorsum of the wrist at the base of the 3rd metacarpal- palpable hollow over the capitate

wrist ulnar deviation stationary arm

midline of the dorsal aspect of the forearm

wrist ulnar deviation moveable arm

parallel to the 3rd metacarpal

wrist radial deviation normal ROM

0-20

wrist radial deviation axis

Dorsum of the wrist
at the base of the 3rd
metacarpal – palpable
hollow over the Capitate

wrist radial deviation stationary arm

midline of dorsal aspect of the forearm

wrist radial deviation moveable arm

parallel to the 3rd metacarpal

What muscle do you palpate for elbow flexion GR

Biceps brachii

what muscle do you palpate for elbow extension GR

triceps

what muscle do you palpate for forearm supination GR

supinator

what muscle do you palpate for forearm pronation GR

pronator teres or pronator quadratus

what muscle do you palpate for wrist flexion GR

flexor carpi radialis

what muscle do you palpate for wrist extension GR

extensor carpi radialis brevis, longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris

what muscle do you palpate for wrist ulnar deviation GR

extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris

what muscle do you palpate for wrist radial deviation GR

extensor carpi radialis brevis/longus, flexor carpi radialis

cervical flexion and extension normal ROM

45 degrees

cervical flexion and extension ROM axis

over the lobule of the ear

cervical flexion and extension ROM moveable arm

parallel to the base of the nares (goni will be 90 degrees)

cervical flexion and extension ROM stationary arm

perpendicular to the floor

cervical rotation normal ROM

60 degrees

cervical rotation axis

over the midpoint of the top of the head

cervical rotation stationary arm

parallel to the line joining the two acromion processes

cervical rotation moveable arm

aligned with the nose goni will be at 90 degrees