animal pathology final exam - swine

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is abbrieviated as

PRRS

PRRS is able to mutate rapidly and causes both

Respiratory and reproductive disease

PRRS can affect

Pregnant females, unweaned and recently weaned pigs, growing and finishing pigs

PRRSv causes major economic loss with

stillborn, abortions, small litters, weak pigs at birth, high preweaning mortality

PRRSv is transmitted through respiratory secretions such as

Saliva, nasal discharge, aerosols (sneezing and coughing) and also venereal via semen, transplacental and fomites

Clinical general signs of PRRSv are

Fever, anorexia, diarrhea in nursing piglets, and conjunctivitis (newborn piglets with sticky brown material over eyelids (sometimes))

PRRSv reproductive clinical signs

Abortions of mummies or autolyzed fetuses, stillborns, weak piglets

Respiratory clinical signs of PRRSv

Mild to severe respiratory disease in nursing/weaned pigs

PRRSv diagnostic resting uses

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of oral fluids, serum, and tissues (lungs and lymph nodes)

Confirm the PRRVs diagnostic with

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) - widely used to confirm virus in affected tissues

PRRS can be managed through

Vaccination and biosecurity by no cure - persistent infection will occur

Swine influenza A virus is also know as; and is abbreviated as;

Swine flu (IVA)

Swim glue have a public health significance because

Replicate influenza of birds and human origin, potential emergence of zoonotic disease

Swine flu is consistent with coinfections with

Other viruses or bacteria such a as PRRS, glasserealla parasuis, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Swine flue may occur in all seasons but primarily during

Fall and winter (cold weather)

Swine influenza is most common in

Growing pigs (4-5 months old)

Swine flu is transmitted through respiratory secretions such as

Aerosol

The main clinical sign of swine flu is

Coughing

Clinical signs of swine flu are

Short lived (3-7 days) and deaths are rare

Swine flu can be diagnosed through PCR testing and managed through

Supportive care and vaccinations

Porcine circovirus is abbrieviated as

PCV

There are two types of PCV: type one which is _____ and type two which is _____

Non-pathogenic and pathogenic

Porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) include

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure

Post weaning multisystemic wastinf syndrome (PMWS) is most common in pigs that are

2-4 months old “waste away” and characterized by overt weight loss

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) affects

Nursery (3-10 weeks old) and growing pigs (2-4 months old)

PDNS is a severe acute disease where

Red-purple blotches on the skin

The vaccination of PCV2 reduce

Severity and incidence

Mycoplasma hyopneumonia is also called

Enzootic pneumonia

Enzootic pneumonia is the most common disease of swine

Lower respiratory tract and highest incidence in postweaning and growing periods

Mycoplasma hyopneumonia is characterized by

Coughing, growth retardation and reduced feed efficiency - secondary bacterial infections are common

Mycoplasma hyopneumonia are transmitted through respiratory secretions such as

Aerosol (coughing) and nose to nose contact

There is low mortality with

Mycoplasma hyopneumonia

Mycoplasma hyopneumonia is diagnosed using PCR of

Tissue and postmortem exam of cranial ventral lung fields consolidated excess frothy/purulent discharge in trachea and bronchi

Management of mycoplasma hyopneumonia include

Sanitation, depopulation methods and vaccine

Glasserella parasuis (glasser’s disease) is also called

Infectious polyarthritis and occurs in 3-4 month old pigs (growing pigs)

Acute outbreaks of glassers disease are often characterized by various combinations of

Menigoencephalitis, polyarthritis, bacterial pneumonia

Glassers disease onset is usually sudden and often occurs following stressful events such as

Weaning, enviroment changes, commingling, confection with other disease agents

Respiratory signs of glasser disease include

Severe coughing, dyspnea (rapid, shallow breathing, abdominal breathing) then apart from that they have very painful, swollen joints, lameness

Postmortem exam of glassers will find

Fibrinous pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis - you can also culture tissues or fluids off lungs, joint fluid and spinal fluid for additional findings

Glassers disease can be treated with antibiotics such as

Penicillin and trimethoprim sulfa

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (pleuropneumonia) is a gram-negative bacteria called

Actinobacillus suis

Pleuropneumonia causes severity of respiratory diseases characterized by

Hemorrhages and Embolic lesions of lungs and usually occur in growing pigs (4-6 month)

Clinical signs of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in piglets include

Sudden death (bacterial septicemia)

Actinobaccolus pleuropneumonia in growing pigs and adults is shown with

Bloody froth from nose

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is confirmed with

Culture of A. Suis and postmortem exam

Postmortem exam of pig with actinobaccilus will show

Lungs - hemorrhagic, and serofibronous exudate in abdomen and thoracic cavities

Management of actinobaccilus pleuropneumonia can use antimicrobial because

A. Suis is sensitive to many antibiotics such as oxytetracycline

Atrophic rhinitis (progressive atrophic rhinitis) is caused by what bacteria?

Bordetella bronchiseptica (gram negative bacteria) and pasteurella multocida (type D)

Atrophic rhinitis is characterized in early stages by

Sniffling, sneezing, snorting and perhaps nosebleed

Progressed characteristics of atrophic rhinitis are

Atrophy and distortion of the turbinates, nasal and bones of some pigs

In the United States

atrophic rhinitis is becoming a rare disease

Clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis in young pigs (nursery to growing) include

Sneezing, snuffling, snorting with nasal discharge, nasal bleeding, and facial deformity

diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis comes from

History, signs, lesions (obvious snout deformity (nasal turbinate atrophy)) and conform with culture (nasal swabs

Oral fluids from pigs can be used to detect

PRRS, PCV2, Swine Influenza A virus, M. Hyopneumoniae