General Science Term 3 Final Exam Reviewer

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the core biological, geological, and environmental concepts from Term 3 of the General Science curriculum.

Emergent Properties

Novel characteristics arising from the interaction of biological parts that do not exist in the individual parts alone.

Macroscopic Systems (Chicken Wing)

Muscles, tendons, and joints that operate strictly as a mechanical lever system converting energy to movement.

Law of Conservation of Function

A principle where the failure of one interdependent component causes other parts to overwork to compensate, leading to systemic exhaustion.

Autotrophs

Organisms, such as plants, that synthesize their own food using energy from the sun via chloroplasts.

Heterotrophs

Organisms, such as animals, that obtain energy by ingesting organic matter.

ATP Production

The process where both autotrophs and heterotrophs utilize Mitochondria to turn food into energy.

Xylem

Plant transport tissue that allows water to travel upwards against gravity due to transpirational pull and cohesive traits.

Phloem

Plant transport tissue with the operational mandate to carry manufactured food downwards from the leaves to the root matrix.

Asthma Systemic Compensation

The circulatory system response to restricted oxygen intake where the heart rate increases to accelerate the delivery of limited bodily oxygen.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis

The physiological framework that coordinates sustained metabolic warmth over hours or days during prolonged cold.

Heat Stroke Symptom

A state where the skin becomes hot and dry as the body's sweating mechanism stops due to thermoregulation failure.

Secondary Immune Response

An immunological reaction that triggers an immediate, massive attack using established memory cells.

Afferent vessels

Lymphatic structures that carry lymph into the nodes.

Efferent vessels

Lymphatic structures that carry lymph away from the nodes.

Phenological shift

A direct biological response to climate change where organisms alter the seasonal timing of recurring life-cycle events such as flowering, breeding, or migration.

Soft coral bleaching

A consequence of increased sea surface temperatures and aggressive ocean acidification identified in the Tubbataha Reefs and Bolinao.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size of a species that a specific environment can sustainably support without degrading its local resource base.

Ecological Footprint

A measure of human demand on nature that, when it exceeds carrying capacity due to overpopulation, leads to resource depletion.

Mitigation

The strategy of tackling the root causes of environmental issues, such as reducing greenhouse gases.

Adaptation

The process of adjusting to environmental effects that are already occurring.

Geodynamo

A mechanism that generates a protective magnetic shield on Earth to block dangerous solar winds.

Greenhouse Effect

A critical thermal regulator that traps escaping infrared radiation to keep global surface temperatures stable.

Philippine Mobile Belt

The core tectonic architecture of the Philippines built by complex convergent plate tectonics.

Biological Endemism

A state resulting from deep oceanic water channels acting as geographic barriers between Philippine islands.

Volcanic Andisols

Highly fertile soils found in regions like Bicol and Negros that are valued in the agricultural sector for their unique structural properties.

Tsunamis Trigger

Vertical underwater tectonic displacements, such as subduction earthquakes.

Coastal Storm Surges Driver

Low atmospheric pressure and intense cyclonic typhoon winds during severe weather events.

Ipo-ipo

The localized scientific term used by PAGASA for a violently rotating column of air spawned by severe convective thunderstorms.

Saltwater Intrusion

The process where coastal freshwater wells become salty and unusable due to a subterranean vacuum created by excessive groundwater pumping.

Neolithic Period ($\sim 6,000\,BCE$)

The historical era when evidence shows humans began clearing Philippine forests for farming.

Agricultural Terraces

Structures engineered along steep mountainsides to slow water runoff velocity and trap sediments to limit erosion.

CBDRRM

Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, which focuses on building localized community capacities to proactively prepare for hazards.

PAGASA IHEAT Index

Maps that translate complex atmospheric conditions into clear warnings to help prevent heat-related illnesses.