Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Vessels layers, Arterial & Venous circulation

Arteries

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to tissues and organs

veins

blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart from tissues and organs

capillaries

tiny vessels with thin walls where oxygen, nutrients, and waste exchange occurs

tunica externa

outer layer of arteries and veins

tunica media

middle smooth muscle layer; thicker in arteries

tunica interna (intima)

inner layer lining the vessel lumen

why arteries have thicker tunica media

to regulate BP and control blood flow

why veins have valves

to prevent backflow and help blood return to the heart

capillary wall structure

one layer of simple squamous epithelium

first vessel blood enters after left ventricle

aorta

three primary branches of the aortic arch

right brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

internal carotid artery

supplies blood to the brain

external carotid artery

supplies blood to the face and scalp

vertebral artery

travels through transverse formaina; supplies brain

subclavian → axillary → brachial → ?

radial and ulnar arteries

aorta after arch

descending (thoracic) aorta

aorta after diaphragm

abdominal aorta

abdominal aorta divides into

right and left common iliac arteries

common iliac divides into

internal and external iliac arteries

external iliac becomes

femoral artery

femoral becomes

popliteal artery

popliteal divides into

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

major abdominal aorta branches

inferior phrenic, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, renal, inferior mesenteric

superior vena cava branches into

right and left brachiocephalic veins

jugular veins

internal and external; drain head and neck

subclavian vein becomes

axillary → brachial → radial & ulnar veins

superficial veins of upper limb

cephalic and basilic veins

inferior vena cava receives

renal, gonadal, lumbar veins

inferior vena cava divides into

common iliac, internal iliac, external iliac veins

external iliac becomes

femoral → popliteal → anterior & posterior tibial veins

major superficial vein of lower limb

great saphenous vein

what moves OUT of capillaries into tissues

oxygen and nutrients

what moves INTO capillaries from tissues

carbon dioxide and waste