Psychology Chapter 10 – Emotions, Stress, Happiness & Motivation

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A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 10 of Pima Medical Institute’s psychology course on emotions, stress, happiness, and motivation.

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46 Terms

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Affect

The experience of feeling or emotion.

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Arousal

The bodily responses created by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

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Emotion

A conscious, situation-specific, valenced mental state.

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Motivation

A driving force that initiates goal-directed behavior.

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Drive

Motivational state created by something negative that pushes behavior.

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Homeostasis

The natural, balanced state of the body’s systems.

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Cannon-Bard Theory

Proposes that emotions and physiological arousal occur simultaneously.

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James-Lange Theory

Proposes that emotion is the result of physiological arousal.

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Two-Factor Theory

Proposes that arousal and cognitive interpretation combine to create emotion.

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Misattribution of Arousal

Incorrectly labeling the source of one’s physiological arousal.

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Excitation Transfer

Arousal from one event intensifies emotions from an unrelated event.

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Emotional Regulation

The ability to modulate an emotion or set of emotions.

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Situation Selection

Choosing environments to influence future emotional states.

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Situation Modification

Altering a situation to change its emotional impact.

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Attentional Deployment

Directing attention to influence emotions.

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Cognitive Change

Reinterpreting a situation to alter its emotional meaning.

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Response Modulation

Influencing emotional responses after they arise.

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Stress

The physiological response to internal or external stressors.

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Acute Stress Disorder

Short-term (≤4 weeks) intrusive, hypervigilant reaction to trauma.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Similar symptoms to acute stress disorder lasting ≥4 weeks.

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General Adaptation Syndrome

Three-phase physiological reaction to long-term stress.

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HPA Axis

Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system central to stress response.

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Cortisol

Stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood.

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Social Readjustment Scale

Measure of life events that predicts stress-related illness risk.

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Daily Hassles

Everyday minor stressors (e.g., losing keys) that harm health.

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Fight-or-Flight Response

Emotional–behavioral readiness to confront or escape a threat.

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Tend-and-Befriend Response

Creating social networks for protection and resource exchange during stress.

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Subjective Well-Being

Personal assessment of happiness and life satisfaction.

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PERMA Model

Framework of Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment.

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Optimism

General tendency to expect positive outcomes.

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Self-Efficacy

Belief in one’s ability to achieve desired results.

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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Energy expended while at rest; major determinant of weight.

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Binge Eating Disorder

Recurrent binges without purging; often linked to overweight.

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Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by purging; weight often normal.

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Anorexia Nervosa

Severe food restriction, low weight, body dysmorphia, fear of gaining weight.

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Sexual Response Cycle

Biological phases of human sexual response: arousal, plateau, orgasm, resolution.

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Arousal Phase (Sex)

Genital areas fill with blood.

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Plateau Phase

Pulse, blood pressure, and breathing rise; orgasm feels imminent.

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Orgasm Phase

Muscular contractions throughout body, especially genitals.

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Resolution Phase

Body gradually returns to pre-arousal state.

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Gendered Orgasm Gap

Women have fewer orgasms than men in heterosexual sex.

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Intrinsic Motivation

Doing an activity for its inherent pleasure.

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Extrinsic Motivation

Doing an activity for external reward.

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Expectancy Theory

Performance rises when effort is believed to lead to valued rewards.

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Growth Mindset

Belief that abilities can be developed through effort.

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Fixed Mindset

Belief that abilities are static and unchangeable.