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What are the three stages of communicative intent in babies?
Perlocution, Illocution, and Locution
What are prelinguistic skills?
Skills that develop before actual words, including:
Eye contact
Turn-taking
Joint attention
What are the five parameters of language as defined by ASHA?
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
What is the difference between form, content, and use in language?
Form: Structural aspects of language (phonology, morphology, syntax).
Content: Meaning of language (semantics).
Use: Appropriate application of language (pragmatics)
What is the phonological loop in working memory?
It encodes, maintains, and manipulates speech-based information (like words and sounds)
What is the central executive in working memory?
It is the "boss" of working memory. It controls attention, decides what information is important, and allocates resources. It also helps transfer information to long-term memory
What is fast mapping in vocabulary development?
Fast mapping is when children quickly connect a new word to its meaning after hearing it only a few times. For example, a child hears "car" and connects it to the object
What are the four main types of memory?
Long-term, Working, Procedural, Episodic
What is pragmatics in language?
Refers to the social use of language, including how we use language in different situations, follow conversational rules, and understand others' intentions
What are the key concepts in pragmatics?
Intersubjectivity, Intentionality, Theory of Mind, Decontextualization
What is the difference between receptive and expressive language?
Understanding language (listening/reading) & Producing language (speaking/writing)
What are the three steps in auditory processing?
Detection, Discrimination, Identification
What is the connectionist model of long-term memory?
It describes how words and meanings are stored in a network of connections in the brain
What are the discourse rules in pragmatics?
Quantity, Quality, Relevance, Manner
What are the semantic milestones at 18-24 months?
50-word vocab, vocabulary spurt, two word combination
What is the difference between referential and expressive children?
Larger vocabularies, faster word learning, but less flexible with word use. Learn words slowly, use more social phrases, and are more flexible.
What is the prelinguistic gesture sequence?
Show, Give, Point
What are the five domains of language?
Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
What is joint attention in prelinguistic skills?
When a baby and caregiver share focus on the same object or event
What is the episodic buffer in working memory?
Combines information from different sources (e.g., visual and verbal) and temporarily stores it before sending it to long-term memory. It acts like a "mixing board" for information
What is the visual-spatial sketchpad in working memory?
It handles visual and spatial information, like imagining a map or drawing a picture in your mind
What is the connectionist model of activation?
In the connectionist model, each node (word or concept) has connections that can excite or inhibit other nodes. Activation spreads through the network, helping you retrieve information
What are extralinguistic cues in communication?
Include gestures, tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language. They supplement verbal communication
What are the two phases of word learning?
Fast mapping, Slow mapping
What are the word learning biases that help children learn new words?
Principle of Reference, Noun Category Bias, Principles of Mutual exclusivity, Shape Bias
What is the role of play in language development?
It encourages cognitive, social-emotional, communication, and language abilities. It helps children practice verbal skills, vocabulary, and develop empathy through role-playing
What is the vocabulary spurt in early language development?
A rapid increase in word learning that typically occurs around 18–24 months
What are the common first words in early vocabulary development?
Mommy, daddy, ball, bottle, hi, dog
What is the theory of mind in pragmatics?
The ability to understand that other people have different thoughts, feelings, and knowledge than you do
