Reading and Writing Lesson 2: Effective Brainstorming Techniques

brainstorming

added by accepting all ideas, however seemingly unreliastic or irrelevant they might be.

brainstorming

The goal is to create a large enough pool from which to pull the best ideas or to combine ideas for the best solution or strategy.

graphic organizer

A powerful, visual learning tool to help organize ideas

graphic organizer

They can also be used to clarify or simplify complex concepts, help with problem solving or decision making, or to be used to plan research or brainstorm ideas.

venn diagram, concept map, t-chart, idea web, KWHL chart, sequencing, 5 Whys analysis, Starbursting

different types of graphic organizers (8)

venn diagram

Used to compare and contrast

concept map

Looks like a brain / veins of the brain, any topic is applicable

t chart

Terminologies are related to the label of the chart

t chart

Used for enumerating the underlying subtopics of a particular topic

t chart

Used for separating categories

idea web

A simpler version of a concept map

KWL chart/KWHL chart

An acronym for Know, Want, How, Learn

KWL chart/KWHL chart

Used for whenever we are trying to summarize a text

sequencing

Used for a series of events (a process)

5 Whys Analysis

Created by Taiichi Ohno, this was made popular at Toyota as a standard process for root cause analysis—getting to the heart of a problem

5 Whys Analysis

Less structured than other more traditional problem-solving methods.

5 Whys Analysis

Asking why over and over to get to the root of an obstacle or setback

5 Whys Analysis

Encourages an open dialogue that can trigger new ideas about a problem

Starbursting

Requires you to think about the who, what, where, when, why, and how for any new idea.

Starbursting

Place your main idea at the center of a star diagram, labeling each point of the star with those 5WH questions.

paragraph

A collection of related sentences dealing with ONE central idea. Each sentence shows connection to other sentences in this

paragraph

an independent unit or a related unit. As an independent unit, it is complete in itself. As a related unit, it is a part of a composition that is combined with other paragraphs to make a larger composition.

paragraph

whether is independent or related, it has its beginning, middle, and end.

fall apart

It is worth noting that without a solid structure in place, the content you have gathered would?

Topic sentence -> Supporting Sentence -> Concluding Sentence

parts of a paragraph

topic sentence

Expresses main idea of a paragraph

topic sentence

Contains the central idea

topic sentence

It contains the main idea + controlling idea (writer's stance on the subject)

topic sentence

provides an accurate description of what will follow in the rest of the paragraph

supporting sentence

Develops, explains, and supports the main idea of the paragraph

supporting sentence

Contains facts, examples, and details

supporting sentence

Explains why the main idea is true.

concluding sentence

Usually the last sentence of the paragraph

concluding sentence

restates the main idea

concluding sentence

Used to finish the paragraph or to prepare the reader for the following paragraph.

content, structure, and form

WHEN WRITING A PARAGRAPH, REMEMBER TO CHECK...

narration

from the root word narrates, originating from the Latin word narrare, which means related or told.

narration

gives a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order.

narration

usually contains the following: who, what, and when.

narration

must have "vivid" description of details, a consistent point of view and verb tense, and a well defined point or significance. (Tiongson, 2016)

narration

at the end of writing it, it must send a clear message to its readers through the story

setting, character, plot, point of view, definition, description, sensory words

patterns of written texts among disciplines (7)

plot

logical series of events in the story.

exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, denouement

five essential parts of a plot

exposition

part of the story where the characters and the setting are revealed.

rising action

where the events in the story become complicated and the story's conflict is exposed

climax

highest point of interest and the turning point of the story

falling action

events and complication begin to resolve themselves.

denouement

final resolution of the plot in the story.

point of view

perspective of the writer in narrating the story.

first person POV

story is told by protagonist or one of the characters using pronouns I, me, we.

second person POV

author tells story in second POV using pronouns you, yours, and your.

third person POV

narrator is not part of the story but describes the events that happen. Writer uses the pronouns he, she, him, and her

description

gives information of what a person, an object, a place or situation is like.

description

appeals to the reader's senses

description

descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in the mind of the reader.

objective and subjective description

two types of description

objective description

factual description of the topic at hand. Relies its information on physical aspects and appeals to those who crave for facts.

subjective description

allows writer to explore ways to describe an emotion, event, thing, place, or person, appealing to emotions.

definition

explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what to tell what something is

formal and informal definitions

types of definitions

formal definitions

definitions provided from dictionaries

informal definitions

The four common
definitions are operational definitions, synonyms,
connotations and denotation.

operational definition

gives the
meaning of an abstract word for one
particular time and place.

synonym

words that mean the
same as another word.

denotation

states the exact meaning of the word

connotation

an idea or meaning suggested
by or associated with a word or things.

classification

in this type of paragraph, you tell readers
how a collection of items can be sorted into
categories

can be divided, categorized, and classified

transitional expressions

comparison and contrast

has a
unifying idea or purpose of attempting to weigh decisions
between two ideas or subjects.

comparison and contrast

must be balanced in such
a way that there is an equal amount of information for each
subject to avoid bias.

subject-by-subject method, point-by-point arrangement

two ways of writing a comparison and contrast paragraph

pathos, ethos, logos

three modes of persuasion

ethos

appeal based on the writer's credibility

pathos

appeal to the audience's emotion

logos

appeal to logic and reason