HTH 100 JMU Wilson Exam 3

Infection

invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism

Pathogen

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Endemic

native or confined to a particular region or people

Epidemic

A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Antigens

foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.

Antibodies

Proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body

Innate Immunity

Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.

Adaptive Immunity

immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen; slower to respond, has memory component

Strep Throat (Pathogen/Transmission)

Bacteria / Droplets, Direct contact

Measles and Mumps (Pathogen/Transmission)

Virus / Airborne, Droplets

Tetanus (Pathogen/Transmission)

Bacteria / Direct contact (through wounds or cuts contaminated with spores)

Ringworm (Pathogen/Transmission)

Fungus / Direct contact, Indirect contact (contaminated surfaces)

Influenza (Pathogen/Transmission)

Virus / Droplets, Airborne

Cold sores/herpes (Pathogen/Transmission)

Virus / Direct contact

Pneumonia (Pathogen/Transmission)

Bacteria / Droplets, Airborne

Athlete's Foot (Pathogen/Transmission)

Fungus / Direct contact, Indirect contact (contaminated surfaces)

Zika (Pathogen/Transmission)

Virus / Vector-borne (mosquitoes), Sexual contact

Cholera (Pathogen/Transmission)

Bacteria / Waterborne, Food-borne

Malaria (Pathogen/Transmission)

Protozoa/Vector-borne

Yeast Infection (Pathogen/Transmission)

Fungal/Sexual Contact, Mother-to-Baby

Tapeworm (Pathogen/Transmission)

Parasite/Food-borne, Feces

Incubation

Time between exposure to an infectious disease and the start of symptoms

Prodromal Stage

Stage of initial, often vague and non specific symptoms appear; immune system begins to react to pathogen

Illness

A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired

Decline Stage

Stage the immune system has begun tosuccessfully fight off the pathogen, and thenumber of infectious particles in the body isdecreasing, leading to a reduction insymptoms

Convalescence

The gradual recovery of health and strength after illness

Helper T cells produce ....

Cytokines (stimulates the activation of Killer T and B cells)

Proteins produced by B cells that bind to specific antigens are called ....

Antibodies

The two main types of white blood cells involved in adaptive immunity are ...

T cells and B cells

Jason received immunoglobulin injections after being exposed to hepatitis A. What type of immunity does this provide?

Passive Immunity

A substance that is recognized as foreign by the immune system and triggers an immune response is called .....

Antigen

An organism that transmits disease from one host to another is called a ....

Vector

Order of the six links in the chain of infection

pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, new host

The contagious period of an infectious disease is when

A person can spread the infection to others

Type-1 diabetes is what type of disorder?

Autoimmune

T/F - To cause infection, a pathogen must successfully enter the bloodstream

False

T/F - COVID-19 is transmitted primarily through contaminated surfaces

False

T/F - Viral mutations are a key factor in the development of antibiotic-resistant strains

False

T/F - Handwashing is one of the single most effective ways to prevent the spread of infectious disease

True

Caitlin got an infection in her leg that spread throughout much of her body. At this point, the infection is referred to as

Systemic

Antibodies are produced by....

Plasma cells

T/F - Mutation of bacterial strains is a factor in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

True

Which infectious agent is responsible for about 80% of all urinary tract infections?

Escherichia Coli (E. coli)

Inflammation of the liver is known as ....

Hepatitis

T/F - To transmit infection, a pathogen must exit a host

True

"Active Phase"; apparent symptoms, highest pathogen concentration

Illness Stage

"Period of Recovery"; body gradually returns to original state of health

Convalescence Stage

"Contagious Period"; immune system reacts to pathogen

Prodromal Stage

Time between exposure to start of symptoms

Incubation Stage

Immune system has just begun to successfully fight of pathogen

Decline Stage