Exam 1 Sample Questions

T/F Negative feedback results in a response that opposes the original deviation from normal.

True

T/F Facilitated diffusion is unable to transport molecules against a concentration gradient. 

True

T/F Steroids are derived from cholesterol. 

True

T/F All amino acids contain carboxyl and amino groups. 

True

T/F The specific shape of a protein determines its function. 

True

T/F Glucose enters the cell by the process of facilitated diffusion. 

True

T/F At saturation, enzyme activity is minimal. 

False

T/F End-product inhibition usually involves allosteric inhibition of an enzyme. 

True

T/F The reaction of adenosine diphosphate and phosphate generates adenosine triphosphate and energy. 

False

T/F Interstitial fluid is made from blood plasma and returns to blood plasma. 

True

T/F Active transport proceeds when energy is expended. 

True

T/F The rate of diffusion decreases as the concentration gradient increases. 

False

The molecules responsible for membrane transport are 

1. steroids. 

2. phospholipids. 

3. carbohydrates. 

4. proteins 

4. proteins

Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called . 

1. hydrogen bonds 

2. ionic bonds 

3. nonpolar covalent bonds 

4. polar covalent bonds 

4. polar covalent bonds

Which of the following would be most easily broken? 

1. A hydrogen bond

2. A nonpolar covalent bond 

3. An ionic bond 

4. A polar covalent bond 

1. A hydrogen bond

The base that is NOT found in RNA is . 

1. thymine 

2. guanine 

3. cytosine 

4. uracil 

1. thymine

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? 

1. They have different sugars. 

2. RNA is a single strand, while DNA is a double strand. 

3. DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil. 

4. They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions

4. They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions

A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of . 

1. ribosomes 

2. mitochondria 

3. peroxisomes 

4. rough endoplasmic reticulum 

3. peroxisomes

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE? 

1. Enzymes increase chemical reaction rates. 

2. Enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction. 

3. Enzymes decrease the free energy of activation of specific reactions. 

4. Enzymes have unique pH and temperature optima. 

2. Enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction

When an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, . 

1. the enzyme binds to the substrate's active site 

2. the enzyme's active site binds to the product 

3. amino acids in the substrate allow for interaction with the product 

4. amino acids in the enzyme's active site interact with substrate molecules to create a product

4. amino acids in the enzyme’s active site interact with substrate molecules to create a product

Anabolic reactions do not . 

1. utilize energy 

2. synthesize molecules within cells 

3. store energy 

4. release energy 

4. release energy

Glycolysis converts glucose into two ___ molecules. 

1. glycogen 

2. lactic acid 

3. acetyl CoA 

4. pyruvate 

4. pyruvate

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain system is 

1. NAD 

2. hydrogen 

3. oxygen 

4. ATP 

3. oxygen

The opposite process of glycogenesis is 

1. glycolysis 

2. glyconeogenesis 

3. glycogenolysis 

4. gluconeogenesis 

3. glycogenolysis

Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the citric acid cycle? 

1. Glucose 

2. Fatty acids 

3. Protein 

4. All of the choices are correct. 

4. All of the choices are correct

A solution consists of a ___ which dissolves the ___. 

1. solvent, solute 

2. solvent, solid 

3. solute, solvent 

4. liquid, solid 

1. solvent, solute

Osmotic pressure is a measure of the force needed to 

1. open aquaporins 

2. cause osmosis 

3. stop osmosis 

4. stop edema 

3. stop osmosis

Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if the 

1. concentration of the molecule in the cell increased 

2. concentration of water in the cell decreased 

3. concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased

4. cell was isotonic 

3. concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased

The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is 

1. substrate-level phosphorylation. 

2. oxidative phosphorylation. 

3. anaerobic glycolysis. 

4. aerobic glycolysis. 

5. Krebs (citric acid) cycle. 

2. oxidative phosphorylation

A membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it is called 

1. selectively permeable 

2. permeable 

3. porous 

4. counter transport 

1. selectively permeable

Protein carrier-mediated transport of molecules display 

1. specificity 

2. competition 

3. saturation 

4. All of the choices are correct. 

4. All of the choices are correct

The electron transport system is a series of ___ reactions. 

1. composition-decomposition 

2. dehydration synthesis-hydrolysis 

3. oxidation-reduction 

4. reversible 

3. oxidation-reduction

In a scientific experiment, a control group 

1. is less important than an experimental group 

2. is used for comparison with the experimental group

3. makes the experiment better, but is not essential 

4. all of the above are correct 

2. is used for comparison with the experimental group

34. When an atom loses one or more electrons, it 

1. becomes positively charged 

2. becomes negatively charged 

3. is called an anion 

4. has no change in its charge 

1. becomes positively charged

The primary structure of proteins is 

1. the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule 

2. alpha helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand 

3. due to the interaction between protein subunits 

4. stabilized when a protein is denatured 

 

1. the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule

The organelle that acts as enzymes for protein synthesis is the . 

1. mitochondrion 

2. ribosome 

3. nucleolus 

4. lysosome 

2. ribosome

In an enzymatic reaction, when temperature is increased past the point of "optimal temperature," the enzyme starts to . 

1. increase its catalytic activity 

2. reduce its catalytic activity 

3. increase its allosteric properties 

4. increase product formation 

 

2. reduce its catalytic activity

What type of tissue is especially dependent on adequate plasma glucose levels? 

1. Skeletal muscle 

2. Cardiac muscle 

3. Nervous 

4. Liver 

 

3. nervous

Passive transport of water is known as 

1. filtration 

2. osmosis 

3. facilitated diffusion 

4. a water pump 

2. osmosis

Secondary active transport 

1. utilizes energy directly 

2. often utilizes symport proteins 

3. always uses the influx of sodium ions 

4. is only important in the kidney 

2. often utilizes symport proteins

The average resting membrane potential of an axon is approximately ________. 

1. −70 mV 

2. −125 mV 

3. 0 mV 

4. +30 mV 

 

1. -70mV

Ion channels that open in response to depolarization are called ________. 

1. ion-gated channels 

2. voltage-gated channels 

3. stimulation-gated channels 

4. potential-gated channels 

2. voltage-gated channels

Which ion's movement is responsible for repolarization? 

1. Influx of K+ 

2. Influx of Na+ 

3. Outward diffusion of K+

4. Outward diffusion of Na+ 

3. Outward diffusion of K+