History test 1

Toussaint L'Overture

Formerly enslaved person who became the leader of slave uprisings in Haiti.

Little Ice Age

A period of lower temperatures in the world from 1550 to 1750.

Haitian Republic

Established when Jean-Jacques Dessalines led an army to victory over France in 1825.

Hastings

Leader of the British East India Company who created a legal code and increased the divide between Muslims and Hindus.

British East India Company

Power broker in India that slowly took control of the region in the 1750s.

Nawabs

Regional governors appointed by the emperor in India.

Third Estate Committee of Public Safety

A group led by Jacobins, including Robespierre, responsible for many executions during the French Revolution.

Napoleon

Absolute monarch who ensured the goals of the French Revolution were met and protected his regime.

Casta

Social hierarchy that divides populations based on ethnicity.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in 17th and 18th century Europe that applied natural science methods to society.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting where European leaders aimed to prevent aggression and restore borders after Napoleon's defeat.

Armchair patriotism

Desire of Americans to vote in Parliament without paying English taxes.

Mfecane period

A period marked by the establishment of new kingdoms in southern Africa.

Virtue

Essential quality for running a democracy.

Limited Monarchy

A political system in which a king and parliament work together.

Coverture

Legal doctrine where married women lose independent legal status and rights.

Gradual Emancipation

The process of slowly ending slavery by freeing those born into it after reaching adulthood.

Atlantic Slave Trade

The transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange.

Canton system

A trading system established in 1757 that restricted European trade to a single area in southern China.

Social contract theory

Philosophy by John Locke stating that all people are born as blank slates.

Akbar the Great

Mughal emperor known for religious tolerance and the introduction of property taxes.

Mughal Empire

An empire that ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for 200 years.

Foot binding

A practice that became widespread in China during the 1600s.

Silver taxes

A tax system adopted by the Ming government in the 1570s that fixed a silver amount per person.

Qing dynasty

Chinese dynasty known for civil service exams and religious tolerance.

Valley of Mexico

Central region in Mexico known for its easily formable land.

Tribute states

States required to pay taxes often arising from warfare.

Incan Road

An extensive road system of 2,000 miles created by the Inca civilization.

Smallpox

A disease that killed approximately 75% of indigenous Americans between 1500 and 1700.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of various organisms, including crops and diseases, across the world.

W. African depopulation

Consequences of the slave trade that led to Africa's dependency on external trade.

Xinjiang Province

Key agricultural growth region located in western China.

Seven Years’ War

Conflict between France and Britain that took place in the USA.