1600s-1700s

How was nursing care perceived in Europe before the 1700s? (Image)

Nursing care was viewed as noble and selfless, provided by family at home or by monks.

What happened to hospitals in Europe during the later 1700s? (Image)

Hospitals became dirty, disorganized, leading to a negative perception of nurses.

What societal changes occurred post-Reformation that affected nursing perceptions? (Image)

After the destruction/closing of monasteries, nursing was perceived as women's work and associated with filthy, mismanaged public hospitals.

How were nurses viewed during the 1700s due to the state of hospitals? (Image)

Nurses were seen as criminally inclined women who took advantage of the sick or provided incompetent care. (Image)

What negative actions were nurses known for in the chaotic hospital environment? (Image)

Nurses were known to steal from patients and give paid sexual favors.

What impact did the hospital conditions of the 1700s have on nurse training? (Image)

Nurses were not trained, motivated, or qualified to care for the sick.

How was education structured for nurses in the past?

Nurses had no formal education; they were educated by physicians and nurse supervisors.

What was a common source of knowledge for nurses historically?

Knowledge was gained from personal experiences and passed down through generations.

What was the literacy level of nurses commonly in the past?

Many nurses were typically illiterate.

Who were nurses primarily associated with in earlier times?

Nurses were primarily associated with religious figures such as nuns, healers, wet nurses, and monks.

How were illnesses viewed in historical nursing contexts?

Illnesses were often associated with evil and tied to religious beliefs.

What contributed to the lack of proper nursing education?

The lack of education about hygiene and sanitation was prevalent among nurses.

What were almshouses used for in historical healthcare?

Almshouses were facilities where the poor and sick were sent when they were ill.

What purpose did pesthouses serve in early medical practice?

Pesthouses were makeshift hospitals designed to isolate individuals with contagious diseases, often lacking proper care.

What kind of treatments did sick, injured, or childbearing individuals receive historically?

They were subjected to crude forms of treatment that often worsened their illnesses and conditions.

What was the first hospital established in America?

The Pennsylvania Hospital, founded in 1751.

What was the second hospital established in America?

The New York Hospital, founded in 1791.

Who was William Harvey and what did he contribute to medical science?

William Harvey explained how blood circulated through the body in 1619.

What significant discovery did Anton van Leeuwenhoek make?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa, bacteria, and human spermatozoa using an improved microscope.

What workforce issues affected nursing during the Reformation and Thirty Years' War?

The idea of men in nursing became socially unacceptable, leading to the closure of all-male monasteries that provided care.

What role did the Catholic Church play in nursing during the Reformation?

The Catholic Church shifted the responsibility of nursing care to nuns, emphasizing female involvement in healthcare.

How was nursing perceived in relation to licensure and regulation in the past?

Nursing was neither standardized nor regulated; judicial systems often delegated nursing roles as punishment for female convicts.

What were the training conditions for nurses hired in hospitals during the late 1700s?

Nurses were poorly trained and lacked regulation in how to care for the sick or injured.

How did women in the 1700s declare themselves as nurses?

Women with some experience caring for loved ones would self-proclaim as nurses without any formal regulation or education.

What was the status of nursing care provided by camp followers during the Revolutionary War?

Camp followers, often laywomen, provided care without regulation or licensure, usually for family members.

What role did knights play in early 1600s battles regarding the wounded?

Knights were assigned to care for those wounded in battle.

When did the Revolutionary War begin?

The Revolutionary War began in 1775.

What was one of George Washington's actions regarding women in the Revolutionary War?

Washington ordered women to service in military camps, known as 'camp followers'.

What were the primary responsibilities of camp followers during the Revolutionary War?

Their main roles included cooking and cleaning for the soldiers.

What major medical issue was evident during the Revolutionary War (1775-1781)?

There was a lack of preparation, including no medical corps or trained nurses.

What was significant about the outcome of the Revolutionary War?

The war resulted in the creation of an independent United States of America.

What was the status of women serving in military nursing during the Revolutionary War?

Women served as unofficial or lay nurses, often self-proclaimed without formal training.