Class qs Unit 5

Dare to know

Immanuel Kant's famous phrase encouraging intellectual exploration.

Enlightenment

Cultural movement of intellectuals during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Philosophes

French thinkers who contributed to the intellectual fabric of the Enlightenment.

Natural Laws

Fundamental principles believed to govern human behavior and society.

Republic of Letters

An international community of writers during the Enlightenment communicating in French.

Isaac Newton

Scientist known for his work in mechanics and universal gravitation; wrote Principia.

Tabula Rasa

John Locke's idea that individuals are born without innate knowledge; knowledge is derived from experience. Blank Slate.

Social Contract

An agreement between rulers and governed regarding their mutual rights and responsibilities. Jean Jaques Rousseau wrote it.

Absolute Monarchy

A form of government where a single ruler holds supreme authority; advocated by Thomas Hobbes.

Religious Tolerance

The acceptance of different religious beliefs, a principle championed by Voltaire.

Separation of Powers

A governmental structure advocated by Montesquieu to prevent tyranny by distributing authority.

Direct Democracy

Political system in which citizens directly participate in decision-making; associated with Rousseau.

Encyclopedia

A comprehensive work by Diderot organizing knowledge and ideas from the Enlightenment.

Pillars of Hercules

Mythical representations of the boundary between the known world and the unknown.

Scientific Revolution

A period of major scientific advances that challenged traditional views of nature.

Heliocentric View

The astronomical model where the Earth revolves around the Sun, proposed by Copernicus.

Geocentric View

The outdated model where the Earth is considered the center of the universe.

Cossacks

Fierce horsemen who played a significant role in colonizing parts of Russia and Ukraine.

Peter the Great

The Russian ruler known for modernizing Russia and establishing St. Petersburg.

Hildegard Von Bingen

A prominent female figure known for her contributions to music, science, and philosophy.

AKA woman Da Vinci

Francis Bacon

Philosopher who developed the scientific method focusing on empirical evidence.

Rene Descartes

Philosopher and mathematician known for his contributions to the scientific method and skepticism.

Nicolas Copernicus

Astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.

Natural Rights

Life, liberty, and property—core principles advocated by John Locke.

Catherine the Great

Empress of Russia known for her significant contributions to westernization and culture.

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher who believed in the necessity of a strong absolute monarchy as a deterrent to chaos.

Voltaire

Enlightenment writer known for advocating freedom of speech and religious tolerance.

Montesquieu

Philosopher who advocated for the separation of powers in government.

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher who believed in direct democracy and the importance of the general will.

Diderot's Encyclopedia

A landmark achievement that compiled various articles from Enlightenment thinkers.

Strait of Gibraltar

A narrow passage separating Europe and Africa, historically significant for trade and exploration.

Anarchic

Russia during time of troubles

Oprinchinki

Ivan IV used strategic use of opression

Venice of Russia

St. petersburg

Benedictines

 world class agriculturists

Jesuits

Doctors and Lawyers

Pierre Abelard/Heloise 

Love life and founded the 2nd oldest university in France

Emile

Jean Jaques Rousseau novel

Diest

God created the universe