All (?) Biology Defs

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Biology

1 / 296

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

12th

297 Terms

1

Biology

Is the study of living things.

New cards
2

The scientific method

is the process of investigation in which problems are identified and their suggested solutions are tested by carrying out experiments.

New cards
3

An observation

Is when something is noticed.

New cards
4

A hypothesis

Is an educated guess.

New cards
5

An experiment

Is designed to test a hypothesis.

New cards
6

Data

Consists of the MEASUREMENTS, OBSERVATIONS or INFORMATION GATHERED from experiments.

New cards
7

A conclusion

Is a summary of the results of an experiment.

New cards
8

A theory

Is a hypothesis that has been SUPPORTED by many different experiments.

New cards
9

A principle or law

Arises from a theory that has been shown to be VALID when FULLY TESTED over a long period of time.

New cards
10

A variable

Is a factor that may change in an experiment.

New cards
11

A control

is used to provide a comparison against which the actual experiment is being tested.

New cards
12

A replicate

Is a repeat of an experiment, under the same conditions.

New cards
13

Double blind

Means that both the investigator and the participant are unaware of the nature of the treatment the participant is receiving.

New cards
14

Ethics

Relates to whether conduct is right or wrong.

New cards
15

An Organism

Is a living thing.

New cards
16

Metabolism

Is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.

New cards
17

Continuity of life

Means that living things arise from other living things of the same type.

New cards
18

Life

Is defined as the possession of these five characteristics: organisation, nutrition, excretion, response, reproduction.

New cards
19

Organisation

Means that living things are composed of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

New cards
20

Nutrition

Is the way living things get and use food FOR ENERGY.

New cards
21

Exrection

Is the removal of waste products of METABOLISM.

New cards
22

Response

is the way living things REACT to changes in their environment.

New cards
23

Reproduction

Is the production of new individuals.

New cards
24

Sexual Reproduction

Involves the union of sex cells.

New cards
25

Asexual Reproduction

Dose not involve the union of sex cells.

New cards
26

Biomolecules

Are the chemicals that are made inside a living thing.

New cards
27

Phospholipids

Are fat-like substances in which one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it.

New cards
28

Anabolic reactions

The USE energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules.

New cards
29

Catabolic reactions

The RELEASE energy when a complex molecule is broken down to a simpler form.

New cards
30

Cytoplasm

Is the living material in a cell outside the nucleus.

New cards
31

Transmission Electron Microscope

Shows the internal structure of a specimen.

New cards
32

Scanning Electron Microscope

Shows a surface view of a specimen.

New cards
33

Cell ultra-structure

Is the fine detail of a cell as seen with an electron microscope.

New cards
34

Chromatin

Is the name given to chromosomes when they are elongated and not dividing.

New cards
35

Hydrophilic

Water loving.

<p>Water loving.</p>
New cards
36

Hydrophobic

Water hating.

<p>Water hating.</p>
New cards
37

Prokaryotic cells

Do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. e.g. bacteria cells.

New cards
38

Eukaryotic cells

Have a Nucleus and membrane bound organelles. e.g. animal and plant cells.

New cards
39

Tissue

Are groups of similar cells that have the same structure and function.

New cards
40

Micropropogation

Is the growth of new plants from plant cells.

New cards
41

Callus

A group of cells.

New cards
42

Tissue culture

Is the growth of new cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside the organism.

New cards
43

Monoclonal antibodies

Cancer treatment antibodies.

New cards
44

In vitro

Outside of the body.

New cards
45

Organ

Is a structure composed of a number of different tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions.

New cards
46

Organ system

Consists of a number of Organs working together to carry out one or more functions.

New cards
47

Organism

A group of organ systems working together to allow life.

New cards
48

Diffusion

Is the spreading of gas molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. (Passive Process)

New cards
49

Osmosis

Is the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. (Passive Process)

New cards
50

A selectively permeable membrane

Allows some but not all molecules through.

New cards
51

Hypertonic

Water concentration is higher inside than outside the cell.

<p>Water concentration is higher inside than outside the cell.</p>
New cards
52

Isotonic

Water concentration is the same inside and outside the cell.

<p>Water concentration is the same inside and outside the cell.</p>
New cards
53

Hypotonic

Water concentration is higher outside the cell than inside the cell.

<p>Water concentration is higher outside the cell than inside the cell.</p>
New cards
54

Protoplasm

Is all the living parts of a cell.

New cards
55

Turgor or Turgor pressure

Is the OUTWARD pressure of the cytoplasm and vacuole AGAINST the cell wall of the plant.

New cards
56

Cell continuity

Means that cells develop from pre-existing cells.

New cards
57

Chromosomes

Are COILED THREADS of DNA and protein.

New cards
58

A gene

Is a section of DNA that contains the instructions to make a protein.

New cards
59

A diploid Cell

Has two sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. (2n)

New cards
60

A homologous Pair

is two chromosomes of similar size, with the same sequence of genes.

New cards
61

Haploid cells

Have one set of chromosomes. (n)

New cards
62

Interphase

Is the phase in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing.

New cards
63

A centromere

Is the point where chromosomes attach.

New cards
64

Mitosis

Is a form of nuclear division in which one nucleus divides into two nuclei, each containing identical sets of chromosomes.

New cards
65

Cancer

Is a group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control both the rate of mitosis and the number of times it happens.

New cards
66

Meosis

Is the form of nuclear division in which 4 daughter nuclei contain half the number of parent chromosomes.

New cards
67

Micro-organisms

Are small living things.

New cards
68

Autotrophic

Means an organism makes its own food.

New cards
69

Chemosynthesis

Is the production of food using energy released from chemical reactions.

New cards
70

Photosynthetic

Describes bacteria that make their own food using light energy.

New cards
71

Heterotrophic

Means an organism takes in food made by other organisms.

New cards
72

Saprophytes

Are organisms that take in food from dead organic matter.

New cards
73

Parasites

Are organisms that take in food from a live host and usually cause harm.

New cards
74

Pathogenic Bacteria

Are bacteria that cause disease.

New cards
75

Antibiotics

Are chemicals produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth of, or kill other micro-organisms without damaging human tissue.

New cards
76

Batch Culture

Is the cell growth of cells in a sealed container, or bioreactor, over a short period of time under ideal conditions until all the nutrients are used up.

New cards
77

A Bioreactor

Is a vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product.

New cards
78

Continuous Flow

Food processing is the growth of cells in an open container, or bioreactor, where nutrients are added and the end products are removed all the time at a rate that maintains the volume of liquid and the number of cells.

New cards
79

Aerobic Bacteria

Use oxygen

New cards
80

Anaerobic Bacteria

Do not use oxygen

New cards
81

Hypha

Is a tube or filament in a fungus.

New cards
82

Mycelium

Is a visible mass of hyphae.

New cards
83

Obligate parasite

Can only take it's food from a live host.

New cards
84

Facultative parasite

Can get its food from a live or dead host.

New cards
85

Sporulation

Is the process of making spores.

New cards
86

Meristem

Is a plant tissue capable of mitosis.

New cards
87

Herbaceous plants

do not contain wood (lignin)

New cards
88

Woody plants

contain wood (lignin)

New cards
89

Node

Is the point of a stem at which the leaf is attached

New cards
90

internode

is the region on a stem between two nodes

New cards
91

bud

is a potential growth point which may develop into a shoot, a leaf or flower

New cards
92

lenticel

is an opening on a stem for gas exchange

New cards
93

venation

is the pattern of veins in a leaf

New cards
94

Lignin

is a strengthening material found in some plant cell walls

New cards
95

cotyledon

is a seed leaf

New cards
96

Plasma

Is the liquid part of the blood

New cards
97

Serum

Is plasma with the blood clotting proteins removed.

New cards
98

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

New cards
99

Lymphocytes

White blood cells that produce antibodies

New cards
100

Monocytes

White blood cells that engulf pathogens.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 57 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 41 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard26 terms
studied byStudied by 14 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard84 terms
studied byStudied by 104 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard24 terms
studied byStudied by 15 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard71 terms
studied byStudied by 21 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard164 terms
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
4.8 Stars(5)
flashcards Flashcard153 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard25 terms
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard81 terms
studied byStudied by 15 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)