Unit 7 Vocabulary

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29 Terms

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Evolution

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

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Species

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

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Variation

A change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.

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Adaptation

The process of adapting or being adapted.

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Fitness

The relative ability of an organism to survive and pass on it’s genes to the next generation.

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Fossil

The remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.

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Heritability

The quality of a characteristic being transmissible from parent to offspring.

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Uniformitarianism

Shows that long periods of time are required to cause a great change on the Earth.

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Gradualism

Changes in landforms take place over very long periods of time.

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Population

All the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.

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Catastrophism

Natural disasters had an effect on landforms and living organisms

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Artificial Selection

The process by which humans change a species over time by selectively breeding it for certain traits.

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Gene Pool

The collection of different genes within an interbreeding population.

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Microevolution

Evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period.

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Allele Frequency

The number of individual alleles of a certain type, divided by the total number of alleles of all types in a population.

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Gene Flow

The introduction of genetic material from one population of a species to another

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Genetic drift

A change in the gene pool of a small population that takes place strictly by chance.

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Speciation

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

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Bottleneck effect

Occurs when a population's size is reduced for at least one generation.

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Founder effect

A type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes isolated from a larger population and forms a new, isolated population.

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Sexual selection

A special case of natural selection that acts on an organism’s ability to obtain or successfully copulate with a male.

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Convergent evolution

Organisms that are not closely related independently evolve similar features.

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Divergent evolution

The accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, sometimes leading to speciation.

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Coevolution

Two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection.

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Monitor

an instrument or device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous record of a process or quantity

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Concept

An abstract idea; a general notion

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Origin

The point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived.

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Prior

Existing or coming before in time, order, or importance.

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Intermittent

Occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady