ED Course 2

Exertional chest pain and shortness of breath that improve with rest or nitroglycerin are key symptoms of what condition?

Coronary artery disease

Exertional CP/pressure and SOB, nausea/vomiting, and diaphoresis (sweating) are all key symptoms of what?

MI

Plaque buildup in the coronary arteries that reduces blood flow to the heart and can cause chronic chest pain (angina) is known as what?

CAD

Heart muscle tissue death caused by a blockage of a coronary artery is known as what?

Myocardial infarction

What diseases make up the "Triple threat"?

DM, HTN, HLD

What are these key symptoms of: SOB, orthopnea (SOB worse with lying down and at night) with bilateral leg swelling?

CHF

Key symptom of AFib

Palpitations

Pleuritic chest pain that worsens with deep breathing and shortness of breath are key symptoms of what condition?

Pulmonary embolism

Chronic, progressively worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness—especially during illness—are key symptoms of what condition?

COPD

Attacks of SOB, coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness that occur when triggered and improve with breathing treatments indicate what condition?

Asthma

A productive cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain are key symptoms of what condition?

PNA

What can be described as one area of the brain dysfunctioning leading to specific loss of functions throughout the body such as one-sided weakness/numbness, speech and visual issues, loss of coordination

Focal neurological deficits

Key symptoms of Ischemic CVA

Focal neurological deficits

A thunderclap headache and focal neurological deficits (FNDs) are key symptoms of what condition?

Hemorrhagic CVA

Key symptoms of a TIA

Transient (short-lived) FND

Key symptoms of Meningitis

HA, neck pain/stiffness, fever

What is given in the ED to improve blood flow to the heart in patients with CAD or an MI?

Nitroglycerin

What medication is given to break up a blood clot during an ischemic stroke?

tPA

Poor blood flow to part of the brain caused by a blood clot is known as what?

Ischemic CVA

What is the specific area of RUQ tenderness on an abdominal exam that indicates cholecystitis?

Murphy’s sign

A specific area of RLQ tenderness on an abdominal exam indicates appendicitis and is known as what?

McBurney’s point

RUQ pain that worsens after eating fatty foods is a key symptom of what condition?

Cholelithiasis

Right lower-quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain that worsens with movement is a key symptom of what condition?

Appendicitis

What condition is characterized by dysuria with frequency and urgency and was found to have suprapubic tenderness on exam?

UTI

What condition is characterized by one-sided flank pain and hematuria?

Kidney stone

What condition is characterized by dysuria and flank pain with tenderness to the costovertebral angles?

Pyelonephritis

What is a bacterial infection in the blood causing inflammation throughout the body which can lead to shock and death

Sepsis

What describes a Bulge in the aorta within the abdomen region, which can lead to rupture and death

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

What is a tear in the aortic lining leading to the blood vessel being ripped away from the muscle causing "ripping and tearing" chest pain, which can lead to death

Aortic Dissection

What can be described as large blockages leading to large areas of tissue death and will lead to ST elevations on EKG

STEMI MI

What condition is characterized by symptoms of fever/AMS with abnormal vitals?

Sepsis

What does a PMHx of DM, HTN, and HLD put you at risk for?

Plaque build up issues such as CAD, MI, Ischemic CVA

These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition? Recent international travel and sick contact/exposure

Meningitis

Anticoagulant use (blood thinners), recent head injury/trauma, and HTN can increase the pt’s risk for what condition?

Hemorrhagic CVA

These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition? Triple threat, AFib

Ischemic CVA and also TIA

These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition? CAD, Triple threat, smoking, FHx

MI

What condition(s) does Smoking put a patient at higher risk of?

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, and heart disease

These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition? Recent DVT and clotting factors like long traveling, immobilization, hormone changes

PE

This risk factor puts the patient at higher risk for what condition? Alcoholism

AFib

What do we call LOC, passing out, or fainting?

Syncope

What do we call confusion/decreased responsiveness, unresponsive?

Altered mental status

What do we call documentation for traumas about how the patient was injured to help us determine the severity of injury

Mechanism of Injury

What scale (from 3-15) measures a pt’s responsiveness on exam used to document for trauma?

Glasgow Coma Scale

Why do we document blood thinner use for traumas?

It helps us determine risk of internal bleeding

Define cellulitis

Skin cell infection

A skin infection involving a collection of pus beneath the skin is known as what?

Abscess

What are symptoms the patient DOES have that raises suspicion for certain diagnoses

Pertinent positives

What are symptoms the patient does NOT have that lowers suspicion for certain diagnosis

Pertinent negatives

A past medical history of CAD/MI, HTN, HLD, or DM; a family history of CAD/MI before age 55; and smoking are risk factors for what conditions?

CAD and MI

What are these risk factor of? Past Medical Hx: Known DVT, previous DVT or PE, Afib; Social Hx: Smoking; Other: recent surgery, cancer, pregnancy, birth control pills or other hormone replacement meds

PE

Past medical history of TIA/CVA, AFib, HTN, HLD, or DM; family history of CVA; and smoking are risk factors for what?

Ischemic stroke

Recent head trauma, anticoagulant use, and uncontrolled hypertension are risk factors for what condition?

Hemorrhagic stroke

True or false: A patient had a heart attack requiring cardiac stents in 2014. This means they have CAD.

TRUE

2 types of MI

STEMI and NON-STEMI

Patient takes Lasix 40 mg BID (twice daily). This means they likely have a history of

CHF

Coumadin is a(n) _______

Blood thinner/anticoagulant

How does your provider diagnose Afib?

EKG / ECG

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart due to coronary artery disease is known as what?

Angina

Treatment of bacterial pneumonia

Antibiotics

Bronchodilators, supplemental oxygen, corticosteroids, and potentially ventilatory support are used to treat what condition?

COPD

Neck pain or stiffness, headache, fever, and altered mental status (AMS) are classic symptoms of what condition?

Meningitis

What is a common cause of AMS in elderly patients?

UTI

Define dysuria

Painful urination

Define hematuria

Blood in the urine

Define diaphoresis

Sweating

True or false: the chief complaint of back pain is almost always benign.

True

Symptoms of AAA

Midline abdominal pain

Ripping or tearing chest pain that may radiate to the back is a classic symptom of what condition?

Aortic aneurysm/dissection

If a patient has certain confirmed past medical or surgical histories, it means they have coronary artery disease. Name 2 or more of these histories

Angina, MI, CABG, cardiac stents or angioplasty

What disease causes the inflammation of the tissues that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Meningitis

What is DM?

diabetes mellitus

What does CAD stand for?

coronary artery disease

Bleeding in the brain caused by a ruptured blood vessel is known as what?

Hemorrhagic CVA

What is CVA?

cerebrovascular accident

What is TIA?

transient ischemic attack

A temporary blockage of blood flow to part of the brain that causes stroke-like symptoms without permanent brain injury is known as what?

TIA

What is FND?

Functional Neurological Disorder

What is ASA?

acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin.

What medication is used for short-term pain relief, fever reduction, and long-term prevention of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes?

Aspirin

what is PNA?

pneumonia

what is Afib(atrial fibrillation)?

fast and irregular heartbeat

A heart attack caused by partial coronary artery blockage that results in heart-muscle damage without ST-segment elevation is called what?

NSTEMI