7 - Reproductive System 2026

SRY gene

Sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome

Sertoli cells

What secretes Müllerian inhibiting substance/Anti-mullerian hormone

Mesonephric/Wolffian duct

The male reproductive duct developed from which duct?

Paramesonephric/ Müllerian duct

The female reproductive duct developed from which duct?

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct

Derivatives of the mesonephric duct

Testosterone

Development of the mesonephric duct is under the influence of what hormone?

Uterine/Fallopian tubes

Uterus

Upper vagina

Derivatives of the paramesonephric duct

Primordial follicle

Follicle stage that contains an oocyte arrested in prophase I

Secondary follicle/ Antral follicle

Follicle stage where follicles start to accumulate follicular fluid

Tertian (Graafian) follicle/ Mature follicle

Follicle stage with a single large antrum and forms a bulge at the surface of the ovary

Prophase I

At birth, meiosis I arrests in what phase?

Puberty

At what stage of a female's life does Meiosis I resume?

Ovulation

In oogenesis, Metaphase II occurs during?

Fertilization

In oogenesis, Meiosis II is completed during?

Decidua basalis

What decidua is directly beneath the implanted blastocyst?

Decidua capsularis

What decidua is overlying the enlarging blastocyst?

Decidua parietalis

It is the remainder of the decidua lining the uterus

Decidua capsularis

It is the decidua that contacts the chorion leave

Decidua vera

It is the apposition of the decidua capsularis and decidua parietalis

Simple cuboidal

Histologic type of the germinal epithelium of the ovary

Mesovarium

What attaches the ovaries to the back of the broad ligament?

Suspensory or Infundibulopelvic ligament

What ligament extends between the attachment of the mesovarium and the lateral wall of the pelvis

Suspensory or Infundibulopelvic ligament

Contains the ovarian vessels and nerves

Ovarian ligament/ Round ligament of the ovary

Connects the lateral margin of the uterus to the ovary

Paraaortic nodes

Ovarian lymph drainage?

Ampulla of the Fallopian Tube

Where is the common site of fertilization?

Infundibulum

Funnel-shaped part of the fallopian tube

Ampulla

Widest part of the fallopian tube that is also the most common site of ectopic pregnancy

Isthmus

Narrowest part of the fallopian tube

Intramural

Part of the fallopian tube that pierces the uterine wall

Internal Os

What is the uterine opening part of the cervix

External Os

What is the vaginal opening part of the cervix

Simple columnar epithelium

The layer of the endometrium is lined by what type of epithelium?

Stratum Basale (lower 1/3)

Sub-layer of the endometrium that consists of highly cellular lamina propria supplied by the basal or straight arteries

Stratum Functionale (upper 2/3)

Superficial layer of the endometrium composed of the luminal cells of the zona compacta and the spongy stromal cells of the intermediate zona spongiosa

Coiled spiral arteries

What supplies the stratum functionale of the endometrium?

Myometrium

Thickest layer of the uterus made up of interwoven layers of smooth muscle

Perimetrium

Outer layer of the uterus continuous with the ligaments

Pouch of Douglas

Most dependent part of the entire peritoneal cavity in females

Version

Angular relation between the cervix and vagina

Flexion

Angular relation between the body and cervix

Uterine artery

Ovarian artery

Blood supply to the uterus

Uterine vein

Ovarian vein

Venous drainage of the uterus

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Nerve supply to the uterus

Broad ligament

Ligament that assists in keeping the uterus in position

Round ligament of the uterus

Ligament that extends between the superolateral angle of the uterus and ends in the labia majora

Sampson artery

What is the blood supply of the round ligament of the uterus?

Uterosacral ligament

What ligament originates from the superolateral portion of the cervix and attaches to the fascia anterior to the sacrum

Inferior hypogastric plexus (Sympathetic)

What plexus relaxes the detrusor muscle?

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (Parasympathetic)

What nerves cause the contraction of the detrusor muscle?

Portio vaginalis

Portion of the cervix protruding into the vagina

Portio supravaginalis

Portion of the cervix above the point where the vaginal wall is attached to the cervix

Vagina

It is a muscular tube that extends upward and backward from the vulva to the uterus

Cervicovaginal branch of the uterine artery

Blood supply to the upper 1/3 of the vagina

Vaginal artery

Blood supply to the middle 2/3 of the vagina

Middle rectal and internal pudendal artery

Blood supply to the lower 1/3 of the vagina

External and internal iliac nodes

Lymph drainage of the upper 1/3 of the vagina

Internal iliac nodes

Lymph drainage of the middle 1/3 of the vagina

Superficial inguinal nodes

Lymph drainage of the lower 1/3 of the vagina

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Lining epithelium of the labia minora

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Lining epithelium of the outer labia majora

Non - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Lining epithelium of the inner labia majora

Labia majora

Labia majora or minora: Presence of hair follicles

Labia minora

Labia majora or minora: No sweat glands

Periurethral glands/ Skene's glands

What are the lesser vestibular glands?

Vulvovaginal glands/ Bartholin's glands

What are the greater vestibular glands?

Prostate

Male homology of the Skene's glands?

Bulbourethral glands

Male homology of the Bartholin's glands?

Urethral diverticulum

Pathology of the Skene's glands

Bartholin's cyst/abscess

Pathology of the Bartholin's glands

Tubulo-alveolar

Type of glands in the Skene's glands

Compound alveolar/ acinar

Type of glands in the Bartholin's glands

External iliac nodes

Lymph node drainage of the uterine body, cervix, and upper vagina

Internal iliac nodes

Lymph node drainage of the middle vagina

Superficial inguinal nodes

Lymph node drainage of the lower vagina and labia majora

Deep inguinal nodes

Lymph node drainage of the clitoris and labia minora

Corpora cavernosa

Paired vascular erectile tissue

Corpora spongiosum

Midline vascular erectile tissue

Tunica albuginea

Dense fibrous layer that individually envelops both the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

Buck's fascia

What is the continuation of the deep perineal fascia around the penis

Parasympathetic from the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Autonomic innervation for penile erection

Sympathetic fibers

Autonomic innervation for penile ejaculation

External spermatic fascia

The external oblique muscle transitions into what structure as it reaches the spermatic cord

Cremasteric muscle

The internal oblique muscle transitions into what structure as it reaches the spermatic cord

Pubocervical ligament

What ligament passes to the cervix from the posterior surface of the pubis?

Cardinal ligament

What ligament is the fibromuscular condensation of pelvic fascia that passes to the cervix and upper end of the vagina?

Transverse abdominis muscle

What layer of the anterior abdominal wall does not continue into the scrotal area?

Internal spermatic fascia

The transversalis fascia of the abdomen transitions into what structure as it reaches the spermatic cord

Tunica vaginalis

The parietal peritoneum transitions into what structure as it reaches the spermatic cord?

Left

Which testis is lower (left or right)?

Processus vaginalis

An embryonic diverticulum of the peritoneum that traverses the inguinal canal

20-28th week AOG

Age of gestation of the transinguinal passage of the testes

Spermiogenesis

Process of conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa

Epididymis

In which structure along the male reproductive tract do sperm cells mature?

Vas deferens

What is the thick-walled muscular canal that transports spermatozoa from the epididymis to the urethra?

Ejaculatory duct

What is the union of the ampulla of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle?

Ejaculatory ducts

What functions to deliver the sperm and the semen to the urethra

Medial

Relation of the vas deferens to the seminal vesicle at the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder

Posterior

Relation of the rectum to the seminal vesicle

Prostate gland

What is the fibromuscular glandular organ that surrounds the prostatic urethra?