respiratory system

studied byStudied by 1 person
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Define ventilation

1 / 460

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

461 Terms

1

Define ventilation

breathing: consists of inspiration and expiration

New cards
2

define external respiration

process of gas exchange that occurs in the lungs

New cards
3

define internal respiration

gas exchange b/w blood and tissues

New cards
4

define cellular respiration

metabolic processes in which ATP is produced

New cards
5

Distinguish between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone of the respiratory system. Anatomically, what is the first structure in the respiratory zone?

conducting zone: all of the respiratory passageways from the nose to the respiratory bronchioles

New cards
6
  • conduits for air to reach gas exch sites

New cards
7
  • cleanse, humidify, and warm incoming air

New cards
8
New cards
9

respiratory zone: actual site of gas exchange

New cards
10
  • composed of the respiratory bronchioles (first structure in the respiratory zone), alveolar ducts, and alveoli

New cards
11

What are the functions of the larynx? What structural features support these functions?

function:

New cards
12
  • provide a patent/open airway

New cards
13
  • acts as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels

New cards
14
  • voice production (houses vocal cords)

New cards
15
New cards
16

structural features:

New cards
17
  • arytenoid cartilages anchor the vocal folds

New cards
18
  • the epiglottis tips to cover the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to switch from air route to food route

New cards
19
  • vocal ligaments attach the arytenoid cartilages to the thyroid cartilage and form the true vocal cords

New cards
20
  • the glottis includes the medial opening between the vocal folds, which allows air to pass through

New cards
21
  • vestibular folds help to close the glottis when we swallow

New cards
22
  • epithelium of the larynx is lined w/ stratified squamous epithelium that contacts food

New cards
23
  • below the vocal folds is a pseudostratified ciliated columnar type that filters dust, moving mucus away from the lungs

New cards
24

Describe the general location and function of thyroid cartilage

location:

New cards
25
  • anterior midline of the neck

New cards
26
  • formed by the fusion of two cartilage plates at the midline

New cards
27
New cards
28

function: protect and support the vocal cords

New cards
29

Describe the general location and function of cricoid cartilage

location:

New cards
30
  • inferior to the thyroid cartilage; perched atop and anchored to the trachea inferiorly

New cards
31
  • ring shaped

New cards
32
New cards
33

function:

New cards
34
  • maintains airway patency

New cards
35

Describe the general location and function of epiglottis

location:

New cards
36
  • composed of elastic cartilage and is almost entirely covered by a taste bud-containing mucosa

New cards
37
  • extends from the posterior aspect of the tongue to its anchoring point on the anterior rim of the thyroid cartilage

New cards
38
New cards
39

function:

New cards
40
  • "guards" the airways

New cards
41
  • during swallowing, the epiglottis tips to cover the laryngeal inlet

New cards
42

Describe the general location and function of glottis

location:

New cards
43
  • vocal cords the medial opening b/w them through which air passes

New cards
44
New cards
45

function:

New cards
46
  • opens into the windpipe and is responsible for the production of sound

New cards
47

Describe the general location and function of arytenoid cartilage

location:

New cards
48
  • posterior side of the larynx and inferior to the corniculate cartilage

New cards
49
New cards
50

function:

New cards
51
  • anchors the vocal folds.

New cards
52

Describe the general location and function of vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

location:

New cards
53
  • superior to the vocal folds

New cards
54
  • pair of mucosal folds

New cards
55
New cards
56

function:

New cards
57
  • no direct part in sound production but help close the glottis when swallowing

New cards
58

Describe the general location and function of vocal folds (true vocal cords)

location:

New cards
59
  • vocal ligaments (composed of elastic fibers) lie under the laryngeal mucosa on each side

New cards
60
  • form the core of the mucosal folds

New cards
61
  • appear pearly white b/c lacking blood vessels

New cards
62
New cards
63

function:

New cards
64
  • vibrate to produce sound as air rushed up from the lungs

New cards
65

Of what type of cartilage are the thyroid cartilages composed?

hyaline cartilage

New cards
66

Identify the structures comprising the upper respiratory system.

external nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

New cards
67

What are the general functions of the nostrils and nasal cavity? What structural features support these functions?

functions:

New cards
68
  • produces mucus

New cards
69
  • filters, warms, and moistens incoming air; also reclaims heat and moisture during exhalation

New cards
70
  • movement of mucosa for swallowing and digestion

New cards
71
  • resonance chamber for speech

New cards
72
  • receptors for sense of smell

New cards
73
New cards
74

structure:

New cards
75
  • the nasal septum divides the nasal cavity; formed anteriorly by the septal cartilage and posteriorly by the vomer bone and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

New cards
76
  • the olfactory mucosa lines the slitlike superior region of the nasal cavity and contains smell receptors in the olfactory epithelium

New cards
77
  • seromucous nasal glands contain mucus-secreting mucous cells and serous cells that secrete a watery fluid containing enzymes w/ lysozyme and defensins

New cards
78
  • nasal conchae increase mucosal surface area exposed to air and enhance air turbulence in the cavity - deflecting heavier, nongaseous particles onto the mucus-coated surfaces, where they're trapped

New cards
79

Name and describe the location of the three levels of the pharynx. How does the epithelial lining change from one level of the pharynx to another? How does the change in epithelium support the function of each level of the pharynx?

  1. nasopharynx

New cards
80
  • most superior

New cards
81
  • posterior to the nasal cavity, inferior to the sphenoid, superior to the level of soft palate

New cards
82
  • serves only as an air passageway

New cards
83
  • pseudostratified ciliated epithelium propels mucus where the nasal mucosa leaves off

New cards
84
New cards
85
  1. oropharynx

New cards
86
  • posterior to the oral cavity; continuous w/ it via isthmus of fauces

New cards
87
  • both swallowed food and inhaled air pass through it

New cards
88
  • stratified squamous epithelium that accommodates increased friction and chemical trauma

New cards
89
New cards
90
  1. laryngopharynx

New cards
91
  • directly posterior to the larynx, where respiratory and digestive pathways diverge, extending to inferior edge of the cricoid cartilage

New cards
92
  • continuous w/ the esophagus posteriorly

New cards
93
  • passageway for food and air

New cards
94
  • stratified squamous epithelium

New cards
95

Identify and describe the three layers of the tracheal wall.

  1. mucosa

New cards
96
  • goblet cell-containing pseudostratified epithelium that propels debris-laden mucus to the pharynx

New cards
97
  • epithelium rests on lamina propria w/ rich elastic fiber supply

New cards
98
New cards
99
  1. submucosa

New cards
100
  • CT layer deep to the mucosa

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
4.8(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 42 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 416 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26795 people
... ago
4.9(62)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (97)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (125)
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (21)
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (84)
studied byStudied by 41 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (27)
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (100)
studied byStudied by 280 people
... ago
4.8(11)
robot