Italian and German Unification

Nationalism

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

Bismark

Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire

Austro-Prussian war

War between Austrian and Prussian resulting in the unification of the northern german states along with Austria out of German affairs

France-Prussian war

Third stage in German unification. Bismark sought to unify all Germans by creating a common enemy in France. Germany defeated France easily and German unification upset the balance of power. Gain of Alsace-Lorraine.

part of Italian unification. In 1832 established a young nationalist group. He headed a republican government in Rome for a short time, and believed that nation-states were the best hope for social justice, democracy and peace in Europe. The rebellions failed, and he was sent into exile. The heart of unification.

Giuseppe Mazzini

Girabaldi

Part of Italian unification. In 1860 led an army of nationalists to conquer and unite southern Italy. He allowed the King of Sardinia to rule. His group was called the "Red Shirts" because they wore red. Romantic emotional soldier. Wants total unity. The sword of unification.

The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state. The brain of unification.

Count Camillo di Cavour

King of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia. Eventually became first king of a united Italy. Led the north in Italian unification and united with Garibaldi's south in 1861. Drove the pope into the Vatican city, and eventually made Rome the capital of Italy.

Victor Emmanuel II

Third stage in German unification. Bismark sought to unify all Germans by creating a common enemy in France. Germany defeated France easily and German unification upset the balance of power. Gain of Alsace-Lorraine.

Franco-Prussian war

Blood and Iron

Blood and Iron

policy of German unification put forth by Bismarck; belief that industry & war would unify Germany

Kaiser

The German emperor, a title used by the rulers of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918. The first Kaiser was Wilhelm I.

wilhem I

He became king of Prussia in 1861 and sought to increase Prussian power. He appointed Otto Von Bismarck as his Prime Minister. In 1871, at the Palace of Versailles after the Franco-Prussian war, he was proclaimed Kaiser of the German Empire by Otto von Bismarck.

WIlhem II

The leader of Germany during WWI who was stubborn and was eager to show the rest of the world how powerful Germany had become.

Similarities between the Italian and German Unification

• They both unified after a war. 

• They unified due to nationalism.

• Realpolitik

• unified in the 19th century

What did the Italian and German Unifications aim to do?

They both wanted to bring together many small states into one country.

How did they achieve unification?

<span>They achieved unification through wars, alliances, and diplomatic negotiations, leveraging nationalist sentiments to consolidate power.

Differences Between Italian and German Unifications

• Italy's Unification: Focused on uniting various kingdoms into one nation.

• Germany's Unification: Centered on uniting smaller states under Prussian leadership.

• Leadership: Italy had multiple leaders like Garibaldi and Cavour, while Germany primarily had Bismarck.

• Date of Unification: Italy unified in 1861, whereas Germany unified later in 1871.