sceince final QUIZ QUESTIONS ONLY

The TESS Mission uses which technique to search for Earth-size planets around other stars? Choices: The Doppler shift technique; Imaging; The transit method

The transit method

How do astronomers look for planets whose orbits might cause them to pass in front of a star outside our solar system? Choices: They measure the star’s brightness, and look for periodic dimming (“transits”); They look to see if the star’s position shifts or “wobbles” slightly in the sky; They look for a small black dot passing in front of the star

They measure the star’s brightness, and look for periodic dimming (“transits”)

Imagine our solar system is moving in the Milky Way Galaxy toward a group of three stars. Star A is a red star that is slightly closer to us than the other two. Star B is a blue star that is farthest away from us. Star C is a yellow star that is halfway between Stars A and B. Which of these three stars, if any, will give off light that appears to be blueshifted? Choices: None of the stars; Stars A, B, C; Star B; Star A; Star C

Stars A, B, C

According to current statistics, about what percentage of all stars have planets? Choices: 70%; 1%; 15%

70%

The orbital period of the star is ______ the orbital period of the planet. Choices: larger than; smaller than; the same as

the same as

An important absorption line occurs at 656 nm for stars at rest. Star A = 660 nm, Star B = 649 nm, Star C = 647 nm, Star D = 656 nm, Star E = 658 nm. Which star has the greatest blueshift? Choices: Star A; Star B; Star C; Star E; Star D

Star C

Which transiting planet has the smallest radius? The graph shows three transit light curves: A has the shallowest dip, B has a deeper dip, and C has the deepest dip. Choices: B; A; C

A

Imagine our solar system is moving in the Milky Way Galaxy toward a group of three stars. Star A is a red star that is slightly closer to us than the other two. Star B is a blue star that is farthest away from us. Star C is a yellow star that is halfway between Stars A and B. Which of these three stars, if any, will give off light that appears to have no shift? Choices: None of the stars; Star A; Stars A, B, C; Star B; Star C

None of the stars

How can the Doppler shift be used to search for planets around other stars? Choices: Astronomers look for a periodic, red-then-blue shift in the spectrum of the star; Astronomers look to see if the star “wobbles” in the sky, shifting slightly back and forth; Astronomers look for a periodic, red-then-blue shift in the spectrum of the planet

Astronomers look for a periodic, red-then-blue shift in the spectrum of the star

The center of mass of a circular pizza lies ______. Choices: in between the center and the edge; in the center; at the edge

in the center

A bright star is moving toward Earth. If you were to look at the spectrum of this star, what would it look like? Choices: a continuous spectrum that is blueshifted relative to an unmoving star; an emission spectrum that is blueshifted relative to an unmoving star; an absorption spectrum that is redshifted relative to an unmoving star; an absorption spectrum that is blueshifted relative to an unmoving star; an emission spectrum that is redshifted relative to an unmoving star; a continuous spectrum that is redshifted relative to an unmoving star

an absorption spectrum that is blueshifted relative to an unmoving star

An important absorption line occurs at 656 nm for stars at rest. Star A = 660 nm, Star B = 649 nm, Star C = 647 nm, Star D = 656 nm, Star E = 658 nm. Which star has the greatest redshift? Choices: Star B; Star A; Star C; Star D; Star E

Star A

The term super-Earth means a planet that is ______. Choices: larger than Earth but on a close-in orbit that makes it much hotter than Earth; the size of Earth but with more water; similar in composition to Earth but heavier

similar in composition to Earth but heavier

Which detection method directly detects extrasolar planets? Choices: Imaging, Transit and Radial Velocity Methods; Imaging; Transit Method; Transit and Radial Velocity Methods; Doppler Shift (Radial Velocity) Method

Imaging

The wavelengths of radiation from a star that is moving perpendicular to our line of sight ______. Choices: are longer than if the star were not moving; are the same as if the star were not moving; are shorter than if the star were not moving; can be longer or shorter depending on the distance to the star

are the same as if the star were not moving

The Doppler shift (radial velocity) method of planet detection is able to ______. Choices: detect planets by measuring how the wavelength of a spectral line in their star’s spectrum changes; detect planets directly by imaging them; detect planets by seeing how the position of their parent star varies on the sky

detect planets by measuring how the wavelength of a spectral line in their star’s spectrum changes

Which is listed in order of increasing mass, from lightest to heaviest? Choices: Planet, star, brown dwarf; Star, planet, brown dwarf; Planet, brown dwarf, star; Star, brown dwarf, planet; Brown dwarf, star, planet

Planet, brown dwarf, star

Which time interval corresponds to one orbital period? The graph shows a star’s radial velocity changing over time in a repeating wave pattern. Point P is where the curve crosses the midline going upward, Q is the first peak, R is where it crosses downward, S is the first trough, and T is the next midline crossing going upward. Choices: Time elapsed between P and T; Time elapsed between P and S; Time elapsed between P and Q; Time elapsed between P and R

Time elapsed between P and T

Our best hope for determining that life exists on an extrasolar world lies in ______. Choices: obtaining spectra that allow us to determine atmospheric composition; obtaining telescope images with high enough resolution to see the life; sending spacecraft to study the worlds up close

obtaining spectra that allow us to determine atmospheric composition

An important absorption line occurs at 656 nm for stars at rest. Star A = 660 nm, Star B = 649 nm, Star C = 647 nm, Star D = 656 nm, Star E = 658 nm. Which star is not moving relative to the Earth? Choices: Star B; Star A; Star E; Star C; Star D

Star D

The radius of the planet can be determined by ______. Choices: the transit method; direct imaging; the Doppler method

the transit method

The center of mass of the partially eaten pizza shown below lies at which point? The diagram shows a circular pizza with the upper-right quarter removed. Points are labeled A near the inner corner of the missing slice, B on the left edge, C on the lower-left edge, D slightly left of center, and E below center. Choices: A; B; E; D; C

D

When Mercury or Venus passes in front of the disk of the Sun, we call this ______. Choices: an occultation; an eclipse; a transit

a transit

To determine a planet’s average density, we can use ______. Choices: the transit method alone; the astrometric and Doppler methods together; the transit and Doppler methods together

the transit and Doppler methods together

A spectral line that appears at 486.1 nm in the laboratory appears at 489.1 nm in the spectrum of a distant object. We say that the object’s spectrum is ______. Choices: whiteshifted; redshifted; blueshifted

redshifted

The wavelengths of radiation from a star that is moving away from us ______. Choices: can be longer or shorter depending on the distance to the star; are shorter than if the star were not moving; are the same as if the star were not moving; are longer than if the star were not moving

are longer than if the star were not moving

An important absorption line occurs at 656 nm for stars at rest. Star A = 660 nm, Star B = 649 nm, Star C = 647 nm, Star D = 656 nm, Star E = 658 nm. Which star is moving with the greatest speed away from the Earth? Choices: Star C; Star E; Star B; Star A; Star D

Star A

In order for the transit of an extrasolar planet to be observed, its orbital plane has to be oriented ______. Choices: face-on; edge-on

edge-on

Compared to the habitable zone of our Sun, the habitable zone of a lower-mass star is ______. Choices: larger and further out; hotter and much brighter; smaller and closer in

smaller and closer in

An important absorption line occurs at 656 nm for stars at rest. Star A = 660 nm, Star B = 649 nm, Star C = 647 nm, Star D = 656 nm, Star E = 658 nm. Which star is moving with the greatest speed toward Earth? Choices: Star B; Star C; Star A; Star D; Star E

Star C

Imagine our solar system is moving in the Milky Way Galaxy toward a group of three stars. Star A is a red star that is slightly closer to us than the other two. Star B is a blue star that is farthest away from us. Star C is a yellow star that is halfway between Stars A and B. Which of these three stars, if any, will give off light that appears to be redshifted? Choices: None of the stars; Star B; Stars A, B, C; Star C; Star A

None of the stars