Materials Test- Plastics and Glass

natural or plastic

What are the appearances of plastic materials?

Synthetic materials

Plastic materials are often referred to as…

Petroleum based (oil) or plant based (bio plastic)

Plastics can be ______ or _______

Bioplastic

plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable fats, oils, sugar, cornstarch, straw, wood chips, saw dust, recycled food waste

nylon, vinyl, polypropylene

Examples of some plastics used in resilient flooring, textiles, carpets, and wallcoverings

Thermoset

plastics that cannot have their shape altered after production/set

thermoplastic

Plastics that can softened and formed with heat

Acrylic

chemically clear colorless resin

Acrylic

Examples of thermoplastic

sheets and rods 1/8” to 1” thick

Acrylic can be in ____ or ____ with thicknesses of____ to ______

Solid Surface

made of non porus homogenus material it is 66% minerals 33% binding resin

non porus, color through, 1/4”, 1/2”, 3/4”, 1 1/4”, burn, scratch, and stain resistant

Characteristics of Solid Surface

Counter tops, sinks, soap holders

Examples of Solid Surface

Engineered Stone

93% natural quartz stone combined with resin powders

4’ w x10’ l slabs

usual sizes of Engineered Stone

High Pressure Laminates and Low pressure laminates 

Laminates are categorized as ….. and ….

High Pressure Laminate

Craft paper saturated with phelonic resin pressed between 1,000 and 2,000 lbs for over an hour at 28 degrees to increase durability 

Low Pressure Laminate

Melamine resin saturated paper with either a color or decorative grauve point on the surface

Cabinents, furniture, counters

examples of low pressure laminate

Plastic Laminate

layers of bonded paper with resins to produce a surfacing veneer

Thermaly fused foils, decorative 2D foils, ridgid thermofoils 3D foils

3 types of foils

Thermally Fused Foils

Made of cellulosic paper impregnated with precise blend of plastics depending on the end use, does not contain metal

Decorative 2D foils

soild-colored, pattern-less thermo-foil, low presser laminate or melamine. Economic material (decorative) sensitivity to heat

Rigid Thermofoils 3D

typically applied to MDF substrates with deep contours, intricate shaped edges, they do not require edge banding. fully encapsulates substrate creating seamless surface where  maintenance is important

residential kitchen cabinetry, commercial custom built ins, wall panels, column wrapping, retail display cabinetry, architectural moldings

Use of foils

Plastic is

environmental outcast which is why designers are moving to bioplastic

Bioplastic examples

vegetable fats oils, potato starch, seaweed, algae, shrimp shells, fish scales

30000 BC in Egypt

where and when was glass created

main ingredients for glass

quartz and sand that are fused together at 2000

3/32”, 1/8”, 3/16”, 7/32”, 1/4”, 3/8”, 7/16”,1/2”, 3/4”

common glass thicknesses

characteristics of glass

impervious to stains, durable against scratches, breaks into shards, can be tempered or laminated for safety glazing, non crystalline solid which gives it transparancy

alive/moving, grows and shrinks

mollecularly glass is considered to be _____ and because of this it _____ and ____

glass, plastic, and gel

examples of non cystalline soilds

Frit

gives the level of opaqueness

light transmittance, strength, Energy efficiency, Fire resistance

properties of glass

Light Transmitance

the amount of light transmitted thru glass

changes the color rendition of a space, it is usually done to reduce heat gain and UV

reducing light transmittance does _____ to spaces

Strength/annealing

the controlled cooling process that glass undergoes

Ways to make glass Energy Efficient

tinting, reflective, electrochromic, suspended particle, insulated assemblies

Fire Resistance

special coating applied at high temps until crystals form resulting in ceramic glass stabilized against thermal expansion/explosion

Float

most basic glass, a lot of glass starts as float and are further processed to become other types. Tech is used for large sheet production with other processes to alter characteristics

Cast

can be tempered used for doors partitions railings and 3D forms

Tinted

minerals are mixed with glass for color options; not a surface film

Tempered

makes glass safer, code compliant, cannot be cut or drilled after tempered

Laminated

makes glass safer; sandwiching a layer usually plastic between glass

Fire Resistive

makes glass safer code compliant-3 hour fire rating

Reflective

option to obscure darker side during the day and create reflective surface on brighter side

Low E

makes glass reflect heat but allows light to pass through

Insulating

block transmittance of cold with 2 or more panes separated by gas-filled space

expansion joints

glass grows when exposed to high temp meaning you need ______

to avoid cracking when use U shaped bracket

leave space

edge profile

Exposed edges must be specified with an ___ ___

electricity 

Switchable glass works by turning from frosted to clear when ______ runs through it

sustainability of glass

Glass is recyclable