Tables

what is source and food acted upon for the enzyme salivary amylase

The source is the mouth and the food acted upon is starch

what is the source and food acted upon for the enzyme pepsin

the source is the stomach and the food acted upon are proteins

what is the source and food acted upon for the enzyme rennin

the source is the stomach and the food acted upon are proteins in milk

what is the source and food acted upon for the enzyme gastric lipase

the source is the stomach and the food acted upon is emulsified fat

What is the source and the food acted upon for the enzyme pancreatic amylase

the source is the small intestine and the food acted upon is starch

what are the pancreatic proteases?

there are trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases

what is the source and the food acted upon of the enzyme pancreatic proteases

the source is the small intestine and the food acted upon are proteins

what is the source and the food acted upon for the enzyme pancreatic lipase (steapsin)

the source is the small intestine and the food acted upon are fats

what is the source and the food acted upon for the enzyme lactase

the source is the small intestine and the food acted upon is lactose

what is the source and food acted upon for the enzyme maltase

the source is the small intestine and the food acted upon is maltose

what is the source and the food acted upon for the enzyme sucrase

the source is the small intestine and the food acted upon is sucrose

what is the source and food acted upon for the enzyme peptidases

the source is the small intestine and the food acted upon are proteins

what are some sources of glucose?

berries, grapes, sweet corn, and corn syrup

what are the functions of glucose?

glucose furnishes energy, spares proteins, and prevents ketoacidosis

what are some deficiency symptoms of glucose

deficiency symptoms are fatigue and weight loss

what are some sources of fructose

ripe fruits, soft drinks, and honey

what are functions of fructose

fruits and vegetables provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber

what is the source of galactose

the source of galactose is lactose

what are sources of sucrose

sugar cane, sugar beets, granulated sugar, brown sugar, molasses, etc

what are the functions of sucrose

the functions are to furnish energy, spare proteins, and prevent ketoacidosis

what are some deficiency symptoms of sucrose

fatigue and weight loss are two symptoms

what is a source of maltose

digestion of starch

what is a source of lactose

milk

what are some sources of starch

cereal grains and their products, potatoes, corn, etc

what are some functions of starch

starch provides energy, prevents ketoacidosis, and the fruits and vegetables provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber

what are some defiency symptoms of starch

fatigue and weight loss are two symptoms

what is a source of dextrin

starch hydrolysis

what are some sources of glycogen

glucose stored in the liver and muscles

what is a function of glycogen

glycogen stores glucose in the liver and muscle

what are some sources of cellulose

wheat bran, whole-grain cereals, green and leafy vegetables, apples, pears, etc

what are some deficiency symptoms of cellulose

constipation, colon cancer, and diverticulosis are symptoms

what things are included in the bran of a grain of wheat

minerals, B vitamins, cellulose, and protein

what things are included in the endosperm of a grain of wheat

starch, protein, and some B vitamins

what things are included in the germ in a grain of wheat

protein, fat, minerals, B vitamins, and vitamin E

what are the three categories of water-soluble fiber

fruit (pectin), grains, and legumes

what fruits are water-soluble fiber

apples, peaches, plums, prunes, and bananas

what grains are water-soluble fibers

oats and barley

what legumes are water-soluble fiber

dries peas, beans, and lentils

what are examples of water-insoluble fiber

all vegetables, fruit, whole grains, brown rice, wild rice, wheat bran, nuts, seeds

what are all of the functions of fat in no particular order

1. provide energy

2. carry fat-soluble vitamins

3. supply essential fatty acids

4. protect and support organs and bones

5. insulate from the cold

6. provide satiety to meals

what are deficiency signs of fat

eczema, weight loss, and delayed growth

what are sources of fat from animals

fatty meats, lard, butter, cheese, cream, whole milk, and egg yolk

what are some sources of fat from plants

vegetable oils, nuts, chocolate, avocados, olives, and margarine

what are sources of saturated fat

meats, coconut, palm oil, palm kernel oil, butter, egg yolks, milk and milk products besides fat free

what are sources of monounsaturated fats

canola oil, olive oil, peanut oil, nuts, avocados, and sardines

what are examples of polyunsaturated fats

safflower oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, soybeans, and tofu

what are examples of rich sources of complete proteins

meats, eggs, fish, milk, poultry, and cheese

what are examples of rich sources of incomplete protein

corn, peanuts, grains, nuts, pea, soybeans, etc

what are all of the essential amino acids

arginine (only during childhood), histidine (only during childhood)

PILL TTVM

Tryptophan, Leucine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Threonine

what are all of the nonessential amino acids

arginine (after childhood) histidine (after childhood)

Smart Turtles Crossed A Green Alley, Picking Great Shiny Gems

Serine, Tyrosine, Cysteine, Alanine, Glumatic acid, Asparagine, Proline, Glutamine, Serine, Glycine

what are the two amino acids only essential during childhood

arginine and histidine

characterization of marasmus

1. the total surface fat and midarm circumference is decreased

2. weight is decreased

3. visceral proteins (albumin) are within normal limits or decreased

4. immune function is within normal limits

5. the hair is dull and dry

6. there is a thin, wrinkled appearcance

7. there is a lack of protein and total energy

characterization of kwashiorkor

1. the ttotal surface fat and the midarm circumference is within normal limits

2. weight is possibly within normal limits

3. the visceral proteins are decreased

4. the immune function is decreased

5. the hair has a reddish color

6. there is a puffy appearance

7. there is edema

what are the four fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K

what are the 9 water-soluble vitamins

thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12 (cobalamin), folate, biotin, pantothenic acid, and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

what are animal food sources for Vitamin A (retinol)

liver, whole milk, butter, cream, and cod liver

what are plant food sources for Vitamin A (retinol)

dark green leafy vegetables, deep yellow or orange fruit, and fortified margarine

what are all of the functions of Vitamin A (retinol)

1. maintenance of vision in dim light

2. maintenance of mucous membranes and healthy skin

3. growth and development of bones

4. reproduction

5. healthy immune system

6. it is also an antioxidant

what are deficiencies of Vitamin A (retinol)

night blindness, xerophthalmia, respiratory infections, and bone growth ceasing

What are examples of Vitamin A (retinol) toxicities

birth defects, bone pain, anorexidant, and enlargement of liver

what are animal sources of VItamin D (calciferol)

Eggs, liver, fortified milk, fortified margarine, and oily fish

what are plant sources of Vitamin D (calciferol)

there are none

what are other sources of Vitamin D (calciferol)

sunlight

what are the functions of Vitamin D (calciferol)

1. regulation of absorption of calcium and phosphorus

2. building and maintenance of normal bones and teeth

3. prevention of tetany

what are the deficienes of Vitamin D (calciferol)

rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, poorly develop teeth and bones, and muscle spasms

what are examples of Vitamin D (calciferol) toxiation

kidney stones and calcification of soft tissues

what are animal sources for Vitamin E (tocopherol)

none

What are plant sources for Vitamin E (tocopherol)

green and leafy vegetables, margarine, salad dressing, wheat germ, vegetable oils, and nuts

what are the functions of Vitamin E (tocopherol)

it is an antioxidant and it is considered essential for protection of cell structure especially of red blood cells

what is a deficiency of Vitamin E (tocopherol)

destruction of red blood cells

what is a toxicity symptom of Vitamin E (tocopherol)

there is an increased risk to bleed

what are animal sources for Vitamin K

liver and milk

what are plant food sources for Vitamin K

green leafy vegetables, cabbage, broccoli, and brussel sprouts

what is the function of Vitamin K

the function is blood clotting

what are the deficiencies of Vitamin K

prolonged blood clotting or hemorrhaging

what are animal sources for Thiamine (vitamin B1)

lean pork, beef, liver, eggs, and fish

what are plant sources for Thiamine (vitamin B1)

whole and enriched grains, legumes, and brewer’s yeast

what is the function of Thiamine (vitamin B1)

the function is metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids and maintaining normal appetite and function of the nervous system

what are the deficiencies of Thiamine (vitamin B1)

gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, and cardiovascular system problems and beriberi

what is the toxicity symptom of Thiamine (vitamin B1)

there are none

What are animal food sources for Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

liver, kidney, heart, milk, and cheese

what are plant sources for Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

green leafy vegetables, cereals, and enriched bread

what is the function of Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

It aids in the release of energy from food; it helps in the health of the mouth tissue; it helps with having healthy eyes

what are the deficienes of Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

cheilosis; eye sensitivity; dermatitis; glossitis; photophobia

what are the toxicity signs for Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

there are none

what are the animal sources for Niacin (nicotinic acid)

milk, eggs, fish, and poultry

what are the plant sources for Niacin (nicotinic acid)

enriched breads and cereals

what are the functions of Niacin (nicotinic acid)

It helps in energy metabolism and it helps with healthy skin and nervous and digestive systems

what are deficiency signs of Niacin (nicotinic acid)

pellagra (dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea)

what are the toxicity signs for Niacin (nicotinic acid)

vasodilation (the widening) of blood vessels

what are the animal sources of pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

pork, fish, poultry, liver, kidney, milk, and eggs

what are the plant sources of Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

whole grain cereals and legumes

what are the functions of Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

1. conversion of tryptophan to niacin

2. release of glucose from glycogen

3. it aids in protein metabolism and synthesis of nonessential amino acids

what are the deficiencies of Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

cheilosis; glossitis; dermatitis; confusion; depression; and irritability

what are the toxicity signs of Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

depression and nerve damage

what are animal sources of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

seafood, poultry, liver, kidney, muscle meats, eggs, milk, and cheese

what are the plant sources of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

there are none

what are the functions of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

1. synthesis of red blood cells

2. maintenance of myelin sheaths

3. treatment of pernicious anemia

4. folate metabolism

what are the deficiency signs of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

there is a degeneration of myelin sheaths; pernicious anemia; sore mouth and tongue; anorexia; and neurological disorders

what are the toxicity signs of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

there are none