Studied by 2 people
networks of exchange
what did the silk road trade
luxury goods like tea, salt, porcelain, gunpowder, spices
goods were ____ and carried by ___________ caravans
light, camel
any animals that were traded wouldve been
riden
europeans loved _______ good that came across the silk road like…..
chinese, silk and porcelain
mechants would only travel a ________ of the silk road so it would be traded from _________ meaning that the more merchants the more ______________
specific portion, one merchant to another, expensive
the silk road was over _________ miles long
4,000
caravanserias
major cities along the silk road, about 100 miles apart, had banks, inns, places for animals to rest, and huge trading squares and markets
what religions spread through the silk road
buddhism and islam
diseases like the _________ were spread through the silk road as well and merchants could come into town and…..
black plague, spread the disease and leave before becoming symptomatic
where was the black plague thought to have originated
gobi desert
china was the first to have the idea of __________ which later revolutionized the silk road
paper money
flying cash
deposit money under name at one location have slip of paper saying how much money that had deposited and could take money out at diffrerent location using paper, first banks
muslims introduced __________ making the silk road less dangerous
banking houses
what let camels carry more
better saddles
pax mongolica
mongolian empire in eurasia
this was a period of ____________ between asia and europe bc the silk road was under ______________ and it was a lot safer
relative peace, 1 government
chinggis/ genghis khan
united the mongol tribes and built the largest empire ever seen
before mongols eurasia was very…..
weak and fragmented
genghis ________ kinships and different tribes unting them all under himseld and required all men to __________
broke down or destroyed, fight under him
position in mongolian military based of off….
loyalty to genghis
the mongols ___________ of the people they encountered, if you are peaceful you get _____________ into the mongolain empire, if agressive, __________________ into the mongolian empire
match the energy, absorbed peacefully, destroyed and then forced
why was the mongols military so efficiant
very fast
well trained
oragnized
bow and arrow
new saddle that allowed to turn in all directions
very loyal to cause
good means of fast communication across long distances
had caravens that followed military that had supplies, medic, shamans, government officals, along with other things to keep the soilders spirits up
song dynasty was constantly….
facing new threats from surroudning people
yuan dynasty
kublai khan’s mongolian rule in china
examples of the yuan dynasty’s relationship with the chinese
terrible
both believed they were superior to other and other barbaric
didnt allow chinese to serve in government
didnt allow chinese to learn mongolian
didnt allow interethnic marriage
mongols wanted to open up trade with the ____________ but they refused and the mongols took this as an insult so they leveled ___________ and burned down the ____________
abbasid caliphate, baghdad, house of wisdom
said that river ran ______ with ______ and _____ with _________ after the siege of baghdad
red, blood, black, ink
even when the mogols controlled the middle east _____ was still the dominate faith and many mongols even _____________
islam, converted
why didnt the mongols have a cultural impact
they ddint have a uniform culture to push onto their empire
khanate
different parts the land of the mongolian empire was split up into after the death of genghis
the 4 khanates
yuan dynasty
ilkanate of persia
khanate of chagata
khanate of golden horde
yuan dynasty info
lead by kublai khan
china
bad relationship with people
more powerful than the others
lots of resentment
overthrown by peasants
embarrasment to china bc only time they were ruled by non chinese people
khanate of chagata
places were islam, buddhism, and hinduism mixed, sort of like pakistan area
khanate of golden horde
russia, poland, hungary, germany
sort of left alone by mongols bc they didnt like it
ruled by tribute system
most successful bc mongols left them to do their own thing
lasted in 15th/16th century
ilkanate of persia
old abbasid caliphate
islamic
intertiwened with muslims
ruled with the muslims
tolerant of other religions
many mongols converted to islam
delinced due to financial issues
sort of died out
mongols biggest impact was
pax mongolica
mongols promoted ______ and helped with the ____________ of new ideas and technologies
trade, diffusion
mongols were not effective at running government because
nomadic
didnt like to settle for too long
warriors rather than politicians
when mongol decline was apparent ________ took over and started conquering
turks
tamerlane
built empire in central asia after mongol collapse, similar to genghis khan
after tamerlane’s deatht many ___________ empires emerged
gunpowder
the __________ trade was the most important until _____________ was discovered
indian ocean, atlantic ocean
indian ocean was used to transport….
bulky goods and goods in bulk
major goods traded
india- spices
east africa- gold, ivory, slaves, iron goods
china- silk, procelain, tea
southeast asia- horses, figs, dates
monsoon winds
predictable wind patterns in indian ocean
monsoon winds were used to…
speed up trade and travel
using _______ to your avantage was considered an innovation because of better understanding of ___________
wind, nature
in the summer winds blew _________ india
toward
in the winter winds blew ________ from india
away
astrolabe
way to measure latitude
junk ship
ship with hull that was flatter, lighter, faster
lateen sails
turn to better catch wind
stern rudders
turn to better catch waves
all of these technological advancments made ships…..
faster and more reliable
major cities on indian ocean
calicut and cambay →india
kilwa →swahili states
how did the swahili states make so much money and become so successfull
by taxing goods and ships
straits of malacca were in ________ and acted sort of as a _______, malaysia was an independent ___________ state, taxed ships passage through the strait on the promise of ____________________
malaysia, toll road, muslim, saftey from pirates
orang laut
employed by the sultanate of malacca to keep the strait safe, stationed on small personal boats through strait
ming dynasty
took back control after mongols
hongwu
started ming dysnasty by leading and organizing the peasant revolte
tried to get rid of all traces of mongol rule
returned china to traditions and confucianism
renstated the imperial examination
got rid of anyone not wholey chinese
emperor yongle
emperor after hongwu
yongle encyclopedia
took all the great chinese history, philosophy, and literature into one book, most lost
anything that was created by someone not full ______, was not included in the ______________ encyclopedia, this meant that works from nothern _____________ and western more ___________ people were not included
chinese, yongle, nomdic people, rural
2 chinese port cities
quanzhou and guangzhou
zheng he
chinese muslim
government sent him out to explore and learn about the indian ocean trade cities and report back
he would give out silk to bring interest to china
huge ship so brought lots of attention when arriving new cities
why are zheng he’s journals important for isolationist china
gives them an idea of what the rest of the world is doing
why did the ming dysnaty suddenly stop zheng he’s expiditions and burn all his research
they felt threatened by the muslims and buddhists coming in
didnt trust zheng bc muslim
got scared
why was it hard for china to close back up again
the chinese people had gotten used to the foregin goods comng in and vice versa, they had gotten used to the new ppl and the new ideas coming in
what does ming mean and signify
means brillant, meant to show the amazingness of the chinese people and erase the mongols
first empire on the trans- saharan trade route
ghana
the ghanan governement requried that any ___________ be turned into the government
gold nugget
ghana is incredibly rich because of…
the many gold mines
mail empire was ruled by
sundiata
when did the mail empire swallow up the ghana empire
1235
major trade cities on the trans- saharan trade route
timbuktu
gao
jenne
mali empire made money by
taxing goods
who ruled the mali empire
mansa musa, king of kings
major cities were not only trading hubs but also
major education centers with huge libraries and universities
when mansa musa made the pilgramage to mecca what were some notable things he did
caused inflation wherever he went bc of spending
built mosques and universities
had extremely long camel caravans
tons of gold everywhere
gave out gold for free
gold flakes all over camels hooves and fur showing riches
mansa musa building many mosques imbedded what into west african culture
islam
what empire conquered the mali when they were in decline and when
sunghai in 1464
because ___________ was already intrenched into society not much change when empires were changed
islam
there were civilzations on both sides of the sahara but only __________ in it
oases: areas where there is water and the land is fertile, small towns around it
__________ brought over by the arabs revolutionized travel across the sahara
camels
_________ was an innovation that let camels carry more making trade more effciant
camel saddles
major goods traded on the trans-saharan route
gold
salt
ivory
enslaved people
the items traded on the trans-saharan were similar to what area
east african coast
marco polo
venetian traveler along silk road
___________ took a liking to marco polo and he stayed in china for ____________ years and marco polo gained a __________ position in court as a _______________
kublai khan, 17, high up, amassador
on the journey home marco polo was…..
nearly home when he was captured by a rival trade group
marco polo had all of his journies….
transcribed while he was in prison by a ghost writer
marco polo’s accounts of his travels increased european interest in __________ and by claiming that the silk road was safe to travel many _____________ went to mongol controlled territories and tried to convert
china and foregin goods, christian missonaries
ibn battua
morrocan muslim who travled all through known world looking at things from the perspective of a muslim
what are some things ibn battua looked at when looking at the diffreneces between islam
how they worship
what the mosques look
do they woman wear veils
interactions between men and women
any differences
how islam changed and adapted to the culture
margery kempe
kinda crazy middle class medieval woman, english
__________ wrote her autobiography about _______ along with her travels to places like__________ and it was prescribed in ___________
margery kempe, day to day life, jerusalem and rome, english and not latin
europe saw the innovations of people like _________ and __________________ and wanted similar things
mongols, byzantine empire
europe opening up led to the spread of…
the black plauge
after the recovery fro the black plauge europe became more interest in…
ancient greeks and ancient romans
renassance
rebirth
Note
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