unit 2 trading routes (copy)

networks of exchange

what did the silk road trade

luxury goods like tea, salt, porcelain, gunpowder, spices

goods were ____ and carried by ___________ caravans

light, camel

any animals that were traded wouldve been

riden

europeans loved _______ good that came across the silk road like…..

chinese, silk and porcelain

mechants would only travel a ________ of the silk road so it would be traded from _________ meaning that the more merchants the more ______________

specific portion, one merchant to another, expensive

the silk road was over _________ miles long

4,000

caravanserias

major cities along the silk road, about 100 miles apart, had banks, inns, places for animals to rest, and huge trading squares and markets

what religions spread through the silk road

buddhism and islam

diseases like the _________ were spread through the silk road as well and merchants could come into town and…..

black plague, spread the disease and leave before becoming symptomatic

where was the black plague thought to have originated

gobi desert

china was the first to have the idea of __________ which later revolutionized the silk road

paper money

flying cash

deposit money under name at one location have slip of paper saying how much money that had deposited and could take money out at diffrerent location using paper, first banks

muslims introduced __________ making the silk road less dangerous

banking houses

what let camels carry more

better saddles

pax mongolica

mongolian empire in eurasia

this was a period of ____________ between asia and europe bc the silk road was under ______________ and it was a lot safer

relative peace, 1 government

chinggis/ genghis khan

united the mongol tribes and built the largest empire ever seen

before mongols eurasia was very…..

weak and fragmented

genghis ________ kinships and different tribes unting them all under himseld and required all men to __________

broke down or destroyed, fight under him

position in mongolian military based of off….

loyalty to genghis

the mongols ___________ of the people they encountered, if you are peaceful you get _____________ into the mongolain empire, if agressive, __________________ into the mongolian empire

match the energy, absorbed peacefully, destroyed and then forced

why was the mongols military so efficiant

* very fast
* well trained
* oragnized
* bow and arrow
* new saddle that allowed to turn in all directions
* very loyal to cause
* good means of fast communication across long distances
* had caravens that followed military that had supplies, medic, shamans, government officals, along with other things to keep the soilders spirits up

song dynasty was constantly….

facing new threats from surroudning people

yuan dynasty

kublai khan’s mongolian rule in china

examples of the yuan dynasty’s relationship with the chinese

* terrible
* both believed they were superior to other and other barbaric
* didnt allow chinese to serve in government
* didnt allow chinese to learn mongolian
* didnt allow interethnic marriage

mongols wanted to open up trade with the ____________ but they refused and the mongols took this as an insult so they leveled ___________ and burned down the ____________

abbasid caliphate, baghdad, house of wisdom

said that river ran ______ with ______ and _____ with _________ after the siege of baghdad

red, blood, black, ink

even when the mogols controlled the middle east _____ was still the dominate faith and many mongols even _____________

islam, converted

why didnt the mongols have a cultural impact

they ddint have a uniform culture to push onto their empire

khanate

different parts the land of the mongolian empire was split up into after the death of genghis

the 4 khanates

* yuan dynasty
* ilkanate of persia
* khanate of chagata
* khanate of golden horde

yuan dynasty info

* lead by kublai khan
* china
* bad relationship with people
* more powerful than the others
* lots of resentment
* overthrown by peasants
* embarrasment to china bc only time they were ruled by non chinese people

khanate of chagata

places were islam, buddhism, and hinduism mixed, sort of like pakistan area

khanate of golden horde

* russia, poland, hungary, germany
* sort of left alone by mongols bc they didnt like it
* ruled by tribute system
* most successful bc mongols left them to do their own thing
* lasted in 15th/16th century

ilkanate of persia

* old abbasid caliphate
* islamic
* intertiwened with muslims
* ruled with the muslims
* tolerant of other religions
* many mongols converted to islam
* delinced due to financial issues
* sort of died out

mongols biggest impact was

pax mongolica

mongols promoted ______ and helped with the ____________ of new ideas and technologies

trade, diffusion

mongols were not effective at running government because

* nomadic
* didnt like to settle for too long
* warriors rather than politicians

when mongol decline was apparent ________ took over and started conquering

turks

tamerlane

built empire in central asia after mongol collapse, similar to genghis khan

after tamerlane’s deatht many ___________ empires emerged

gunpowder

the __________ trade was the most important until _____________ was discovered

indian ocean, atlantic ocean

indian ocean was used to transport….

bulky goods and goods in bulk

major goods traded

* india- spices
* east africa- gold, ivory, slaves, iron goods
* china- silk, procelain, tea
* southeast asia- horses, figs, dates

monsoon winds

predictable wind patterns in indian ocean

monsoon winds were used to…

speed up trade and travel

using _______ to your avantage was considered an innovation because of better understanding of ___________

wind, nature

in the summer winds blew _________ india

toward

in the winter winds blew ________ from india

away

astrolabe

way to measure latitude

junk ship

ship with hull that was flatter, lighter, faster

lateen sails

turn to better catch wind

stern rudders

turn to better catch waves

all of these technological advancments made ships…..

faster and more reliable

major cities on indian ocean

calicut and cambay →india

kilwa →swahili states

how did the swahili states make so much money and become so successfull

by taxing goods and ships

straits of malacca were in ________ and acted sort of as a _______, malaysia was an independent ___________ state, taxed ships passage through the strait on the promise of ____________________

malaysia, toll road, muslim, saftey from pirates

orang laut

employed by the sultanate of malacca to keep the strait safe, stationed on small personal boats through strait

ming dynasty

took back control after mongols

hongwu

* started ming dysnasty by leading and organizing the peasant revolte
* tried to get rid of all traces of mongol rule
* returned china to traditions and confucianism
* renstated the imperial examination
* got rid of anyone not wholey chinese

emperor yongle

emperor after hongwu

yongle encyclopedia

took all the great chinese history, philosophy, and literature into one book, most lost

anything that was created by someone not full ______, was not included in the ______________ encyclopedia, this meant that works from nothern _____________ and western more ___________ people were not included

chinese, yongle, nomdic people, rural

2 chinese port cities

quanzhou and guangzhou

zheng he

* chinese muslim
* government sent him out to explore and learn about the indian ocean trade cities and report back
* he would give out silk to bring interest to china
* huge ship so brought lots of attention when arriving new cities

why are zheng he’s journals important for isolationist china

gives them an idea of what the rest of the world is doing

why did the ming dysnaty suddenly stop zheng he’s expiditions and burn all his research

* they felt threatened by the muslims and buddhists coming in
* didnt trust zheng bc muslim
* got scared

why was it hard for china to close back up again

the chinese people had gotten used to the foregin goods comng in and vice versa, they had gotten used to the new ppl and the new ideas coming in

what does ming mean and signify

means brillant, meant to show the amazingness of the chinese people and erase the mongols

first empire on the trans- saharan trade route

ghana

the ghanan governement requried that any ___________ be turned into the government

gold nugget

ghana is incredibly rich because of…

the many gold mines

mail empire was ruled by

sundiata

when did the mail empire swallow up the ghana empire

1235

major trade cities on the trans- saharan trade route

* timbuktu
* gao
* jenne

mali empire made money by

taxing goods

who ruled the mali empire

mansa musa, king of kings

major cities were not only trading hubs but also

major education centers with huge libraries and universities

when mansa musa made the pilgramage to mecca what were some notable things he did

* caused inflation wherever he went bc of spending
* built mosques and universities
* had extremely long camel caravans
* tons of gold everywhere
* gave out gold for free
* gold flakes all over camels hooves and fur showing riches

mansa musa building many mosques imbedded what into west african culture

islam

what empire conquered the mali when they were in decline and when

sunghai in 1464

because ___________ was already intrenched into society not much change when empires were changed

islam

there were civilzations on both sides of the sahara but only __________ in it

oases: areas where there is water and the land is fertile, small towns around it

__________ brought over by the arabs revolutionized travel across the sahara

camels

_________ was an innovation that let camels carry more making trade more effciant

camel saddles

major goods traded on the trans-saharan route

* gold
* salt
* ivory
* enslaved people

the items traded on the trans-saharan were similar to what area

east african coast

marco polo

venetian traveler along silk road

___________ took a liking to marco polo and he stayed in china for ____________ years and marco polo gained a __________ position in court as a _______________

kublai khan, 17, high up, amassador

on the journey home marco polo was…..

nearly home when he was captured by a rival trade group

marco polo had all of his journies….

transcribed while he was in prison by a ghost writer

marco polo’s accounts of his travels increased european interest in __________ and by claiming that the silk road was safe to travel many _____________ went to mongol controlled territories and tried to convert

china and foregin goods, christian missonaries

ibn battua

morrocan muslim who travled all through known world looking at things from the perspective of a muslim

what are some things ibn battua looked at when looking at the diffreneces between islam

* how they worship
* what the mosques look
* do they woman wear veils
* interactions between men and women
* any differences
* how islam changed and adapted to the culture

margery kempe

kinda crazy middle class medieval woman, english

__________ wrote her autobiography about _______ along with her travels to places like__________ and it was prescribed in ___________

margery kempe, day to day life, jerusalem and rome, english and not latin

europe saw the innovations of people like _________ and __________________ and wanted similar things

mongols, byzantine empire

europe opening up led to the spread of…

the black plauge

after the recovery fro the black plauge europe became more interest in…

ancient greeks and ancient romans

renassance

rebirth