AP US History Unit 4 Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering the key topics from Unit 4 of AP US History, based on Heimler's History review.

What years does Unit 4 of AP US History cover?

1800 to 1848

What are the main themes of Unit 4?

Expanding role of the US in world affairs, transformation of society and economy, growing democratic impulses

What issue led to debates between the Democratic Republicans and Federalists?

American relations with foreign powers and the scope of federal power

What was Jefferson's initial approach to the Barbary Pirates?

He was morally opposed to paying bribes and stopped the payments.

What is the strict constructionist view of the Constitution?

The government is only able to do what is explicitly written in the Constitution.

What is the loose constructionist view of the Constitution?

The federal government has more flexibility and can do more that isn't explicitly written in the Constitution.

Why did Jefferson send James Monroe to France?

To secure navigation rights on the Mississippi River in New Orleans.

Why was Jefferson conflicted about the Louisiana Purchase?

He was a strict constructionist and the Constitution didn't explicitly allow the president to buy land.

What were the goals of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

Mapping the territory, expanding scientific knowledge, establishing diplomatic relations with Indians

What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to interpret the Constitution.

What is judicial review?

The power of the Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution and declare laws unconstitutional.

What did the Supreme Court decide in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

Federal law trumps state law.

What are the causes of the War of 1812?

Seizure of American ships by France and Britain, British incitement of Indian resistance, British impressment of American sailors

What was the Hartford Convention?

Federalists met to discuss ending the War of 1812 and some argued for New England to secede.

What were the consequences of the War of 1812?

Intense nationalism, demise of the Federalist Party, demonstrated weaknesses in US infrastructure and banking

Name three interdependent policies that comprised Henry Clay's American System.

Federally funded internal improvements, protective tariffs, and a second bank of the United States

What was the Talmadge Amendment?

An amendment to Missouri's application for statehood prohibiting slavery in the new state.

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and slavery was prohibited north of the 36°30' line (except in Missouri).

What did the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 accomplish?

Spain sold Florida to the US and established the southern border of the US.

Summary of The Monroe Doctrine of 1823?

Declared the Western Hemisphere a US sphere of influence, free from European influence.

Define the Market Revolution.

The linking of Northern industries with Western and Southern farms, created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation.

What new technologies were key to the Market Revolution?

Cotton gin, spinning machine, interchangeable parts, steamboats

What were the effects of technological advancements during the Market Revolution?

American industry became more interconnected than ever before, promoted growth of Western agriculture.

What was the Cult of Domesticity?

The idea that a woman's identity and purpose revolved around childbearing and making her home a haven for her husband.

Why did frontier states support universal male suffrage?

To attract settlers and laborers who wanted a greater say in their government.

What were the two political factions to emerge after the split of the Democratic Republican Party?

The National Republicans and the Democrats.

What was the 'corrupt bargain'?

Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams for president, and Adams appointed Clay as his Secretary of State.

What was the main divide between the Democratic Party and the Whigs?

The scope of federal power.

What was the Doctrine of Nullification?

The idea that states had the power to determine the constitutionality of federal laws and refuse to follow them.

What was the Force Bill?

Gave Jackson the authority to use federal troops to enforce federal law in South Carolina.

Why did Jackson veto the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States?

He felt that the national bank favored the elite over ordinary citizens.

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

Forced the relocation of Indian tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The forced removal of the Cherokee from their lands in Georgia to a reservation west of the Miccisssippi River

Who published the American Dictionary of the English Language?

Noah Webster.

What are the key components of Transcendentalism?

Emphasis on the transcendent power of nature and the value of human passion.

Name 2 Utopian communities.

The Oneida and Mormon communities

What was the Second Great Awakening?

Spiritual renewal that focused on the moral reformation of society.

How was the Temperance Movement linked to the Second Great Awakening?

The Second Great Awakening emphasized the moral reformation of society while the Temperance Movement set out to completely eliminate alcohol consumption.

Who founded Mormonism?

Joseph Smith.

What did William Lloyd Garrison advocate for?

Abolition of slavery through moral persuasion and not violence.

Where did women gather for the first women's rights conference in America?

The Seneca Falls Convention in New York.

What was Nat Turner's Rebellion?

A slave revolt in Virginia led by Nat Turner, who killed over 50 white people.