Chapter 30 Green Plants

1. In only one of the five phyla of seed plants, at the time of pollination, the ovules are completely enclosed by sporophytic tissues. These plants are
A. conifers.
B. angiosperms.
C. cycads.
D. ginkgoes.
E. gnetophytes.

B. angiosperms.

2. Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called
A. gametophytes.
B. sporophytes.
C. angiosperms.
D. gymnosperms.
E. bryophytes.

E. bryophytes.

3. Which of the following represents a monophyletic group?
A. mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
B. ferns and club mosses
C. ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails
D. liverworts and hornworts
E. Charophytes and mosses

C. ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails

4. Which plants are characterized by a conducting system, the possession of cuticles, specialized stems, and roots, stomata, and, in many species, seeds?
A. liverworts
B. mosses
C. tracheophyte
D. horsetails
E. club mosses

C. tracheophyte

Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require
A. air to reproduce sexually.
B. water to reproduce sexually.
C. soil to reproduce sexually.
D. shade to reproduce sexually.
E. sunlight to reproduce sexually.

B. water to reproduce sexually.

6. The colorless rootlike projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which anchor them to the substrate are called
A. rhizoids.
B. tap roots.
C. fibrous roots.
D. specialized roots.
E. storage roots.

A. rhizoids.

7. Which of the following tissues transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots?
A. phloem
B. xylem
C. cortex
D. vascular cambium
E. cork cambium

B. xylem

Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by the cells of
A. phloem.
B. xylem.
C. cortex.
D. vascular cambium.
E. cork cambium.

A. phloem.

9. A process unique to angiosperms is
A. single fertilization.
B. double fertilization.
C. syngamy.
D. alternation of generation.
E. seed production.

B. double fertilization.

Fertilization in angiosperms leads to the formation of a diploid zygote and the typically triploid primary
A. endosperm nucleus.
B. seed.
C. ovule.
D. ovary.
E. carpel.

A. endosperm nucleus.

11. Plants, and their predecessors, green algae, do not share the property of
A. containing chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids.
B. containing cellulose-rich cell walls.
C. containing a system of roots and stems.
D. containing starch as the primary food storage product.
E. forming a cell plate during cytokinesis.

C. containing a system of roots and stems.

12. Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of the problem of
A. desiccation.
B. pollination.
C. syngamy.
D. spore germination.
E. coevolution.

A. desiccation.

13. Tracheophyte plants are characterized by all of the following except
A. specialized conducting systems.
B. waxy cuticle.
C. stomata.
D. homospory or heterospory.
E. seeds.

E. seeds.

14. Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to the evolution of all of the following except
A. specialized roots.
B. stems.
C. specialized reproductive features.
D. increased area for photosynthesis in the leaves.
E. gas-filled air spaces.

E. gas-filled air spaces.

15. Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the
A. epiphyte generation.
B. sporophyte generation.
C. spore generation.
D. gametophyte generation.
E. angiosperm generation.

B. sporophyte generation.

16. Plants as well as brown, green, and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(n)
A. spore and pollen.
B. megaspore and a microspore.
C. seed and a cone.
D. sporophyte and a gametophyte.
E. egg and a sperm.

D. sporophyte and a gametophyte.

17. The gametophyte is green and nutritionally independent in
A. mosses, liverworts, and ferns.
B. angiosperms.
C. gymnosperms.
D. conifers.
E. cycads.

A. mosses, liverworts, and ferns.

To reproduce sexually, bryophytes require
A. heterospory.
B. free water external to the plant.
C. high temperatures.
D. solar energy.
E. insect pollination.

B. free water external to the plant.

19. Among the bryophytes, which of the following contain distinct stemlike axis, small leaves, and rootlike rhizoids?
A. liverworts
B. hornworts
C. mosses
D. algae
E. cycads

C. mosses

20. Which of the following features are common to both moss leaves and true leaves?
A. vascular strands
B. chlorophyll a and b
C. all the cells are haploid
D. except at the midrib only one cell thick
E. stomata

B. chlorophyll a and b

21. . Hornworts differ from mosses and liverworts in containing
A. small leaves.
B. sporophytes.
C. photosynthetic sporophytes.
D. gametophytes.
E. spores.

C. photosynthetic sporophytes.

22. In tracheophyte plants, water and dissolved minerals are conducted away from roots by
A. water vessels.
B. stomata.
C. phloem tubes.
D. xylem tubes.
E. chloroplasts.

D. xylem tubes.

23. Which of the following is not true about ferns?
A. Their gametophytes and sporophytes are both photosynthetic.
B. Their sporophytes are much smaller than the gametophytes.
C. Their underground stem is called a rhizome.
D. Their leaves are called fronds.
E. Clustered, stalked sporangia called sori arise on the backs of the fronds.

B. Their sporophytes are much smaller than the gametophytes.

24. Which of the following is not a gymnosperm?
A. cycads
B. ginkgoes
C. conifers
D. anthophytes
E. cypress

D. anthophytes

Which of the following gymnosperms is used for production of lumber, resin, turpentine, etc.?
A. cycads
B. ginkgoes
C. conifers
D. anthophytes
E. gnetophytes

C. conifers

26. Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except
A. ovules are enclosed within other tissues at the time of pollination.
B. a seed develops within a carpel.
C. the ovary matures into the fruit.
D. free water is required for pollination.
E. they bear flowers which are modified stems bearing modified leaves.

D. free water is required for pollination.

Which of the following is not one of the whorls of a complete flower?
A. gynoecium containing carpels
B. androecium containing stamens
C. corolla containing petals
D. calyx containing the sepals
E. embryo containing zygotes

E. embryo containing zygotes

28. The male gametes, pollen grains of the flower, are formed in the
A. gynoecium.
B. microspores.
C. perianth.
D. stigma.
E. style.

B. microspores.

29. The fruit of angiosperms is ultimately made from the
A. gynoecium.
B. androecium.
C. perianth.
D. corolla.
E. calyx.

A. gynoecium.

30. Endosperm, the nutritive tissue of the fruit, is the product of a(n)
A. sperm and egg union.
B. sperm and polar nuclei union.
C. spore and zygote union.
D. corolla and calyx union.
E. androecium and gynoecium union.

B. sperm and polar nuclei union.

31. The process unique to angiosperms is called
A. syngamy.
B. embryogenesis.
C. double fertilization.
D. zygote formation.
E. self-fertilization.

C. double fertilization.

32. Select the best answer to complete the following statement. Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of
A. only oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B. only carbon dioxide and pollen.
C. only carbon dioxide and water vapor.
D. carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor.
E. only carbon dioxide and spores or gametes.

D. carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor.

33. All of the following statements about ferns are correct except
A. ferns flourish in many habitats, but the majority are located in the tropics.
B. the sporophyte is a conspicuous generation.
C. the gametophyte is a conspicuous generation.
D. ferns have underground stems called rhizomes.
E. sori are located on the back or ventral surface of fronds.

C. the gametophyte is a conspicuous generation.

34. Whisk ferns, club mosses, and horsetails have all the following characteristics in common with ferns except
A. all of these plants are seedless tracheophyte plants.
B. all of these plants produce flagellated sperm.
C. all of these plants form antheridia and archegonia.
D. all of these plants require free water for the process of fertilization to occur.
E. all of these plants have no vascular tissue.

E. all of these plants have no vascular tissue.

35. Secondary xylem and phloem in tracheophyte seed plants allow for
A. increased girth later in their development.
B. increased root penetration in drier habitats.
C. increased leaf expansion and elongation.
D. increased production of flowers and fruits.
E. increased production of rhizoids at their root tips.

A. increased girth later in their development.

36. All of the following statements about seed plants are correct except
A. a dormant phase is introduced into the life cycle.
B. sperm reach eggs by traveling through a pollen tube.
C. in angiosperms the ovary develops into the seed.
D. seed plants produce two kinds of gametophytes.
E. pollen grains, multicellular male gametophytes, are conveyed to the female gametophyte by wind or pollinators.

C. in angiosperms the ovary develops into the seed.

37. Conifers have all of the following characteristics except
A. conifers have recessed stomatal opening.
B. conifers have needle-like leaves in clusters of two to five per bundle.
C. the gametophyte generation is the most conspicuous generation.
D. all conifers are heterosporous.

C. the gametophyte generation is the most conspicuous generation.

38. You attend a seminar given by your biology professor. She refers to the third whorl in a complete flower. You know she means
A. the sepals of the flower.
B. the petals of the flower.
C. the female structures of the flower.
D. the male structures of the flower.
E. all of the carpels located at the third layer of the gynoecium.

D. the male structures of the flower.

39. Which of the following lists in correct order the relative size of gametophytes from largest to smallest?
A. angiosperms, ferns, mosses
B. ferns, mosses, angiosperms
C. angiosperms, mosses, ferns
D. mosses, ferns, angiosperms
E. mosses, angiosperms, ferns

D. mosses, ferns, angiosperms

40. Advances in molecular systematics show that whisk ferns and horsetails are the closest living relatives of
A. mosses.
B. club mosses.
C. seed plants.
D. gymnosperms.
E. ferns.

E. ferns.

41. Which of the following is not true about Amborella trichopoda?
A. most basal living angiosperm
B. more primitive than magnolias and water lilies
C. exhibits characteristics most closely associated with gymnosperms
D. arose approximately 135 million years ago
E. closest living relative of original angiosperm

C. exhibits characteristics most closely associated with gymnosperms

42. Which one of the following statements about the evolution of land plants is false?
A. The Charophyta are a sister clade to all the land plants.
B. The Chlorophyta are a sister clade to all the green plants.
C. Land plants evolved from freshwater algae.
D. The tracheophytes include all the land plants except for the bryophytes.
E. Mosses are a sister clade to all the tracheophytes.

B. The Chlorophyta are a sister clade to all the green plants.

43. Which one of the following statements about haplodiplontic life cycles is false?
A. For each gene, cells of the gametophyte stage have a single allele.
B. Spore mother cells produce haploid spores by meiosis.
C. The gametophyte stage produces gametes by mitosis.
D. The zygote is the only diploid cell in the sporophyte stage.
E. Mitosis occurs in both sporophyte and gametophyte stages.

D. The zygote is the only diploid cell in the sporophyte stage.

44. If we begin with the zygote stage, which of the following sequence of processes is consistent with the life cycle of Ulva?
A. fertilization, mitotic cell divisions, meiosis
B. meiosis, mitotic cell divisions, fertilization
C. fertilization, mitotic cell divisions, fertilization, meiosis
D. mitotic cell divisions, meiosis, fertilization, meiosis
E. mitotic cell divisions, meiosis, mitotic cell divisions, fertilization

E. mitotic cell divisions, meiosis, mitotic cell divisions, fertilization

45. Which one of the following structures in the moss life cycle is not haploid?
A. germinating spore
B. antheridium
C. sperm
D. spore mother cell
E. rhizoid tissue

D. spore mother cell

46. Which of the following groups is most closely related to the tracheophytes?
A. Bryophytes
B. Charophytes
C. Liverworts
D. Hornworts
E. Pterophyta

A. Bryophytes

47. life cycle?
A. human
B. fern
C. green alga Chlamydomonas
D. green alga Ulva
E. liverwort

B. fern

48. Which one of the following statements about a typical fern life cycle is false?
A. Sori contain sporangia.
B. Spores are haploid.
C. Gametophytes have rhizomes.
D. Gametes are produced by mitosis.
E. The sporophyte grows out of an archegonium.

C. Gametophytes have rhizomes.

49. Which one of the following traits would be found in a typical fern but not a moss?
A. homospory
B. tracheids
C. gametophytes with rhizoids
D. antheridia
E. a sporophyte generation

B. tracheids

50. Which one of the following choices states a major difference between the life cycle of an angiosperm and a gymnosperm such as pine?
A. Angiosperms are dioecious; pines are not.
B. Angiosperms use a pollen tube to deliver sperm to the egg; pines do not.
C. The tissue surrounding the embryo is triploid in angiosperms; it is diploid in pines.
D. The megaspore mother cell is diploid in angiosperms; it is haploid in pines.
E. Microspores are produced by meiosis in angiosperms; they are produced by mitosis in pines.

C. The tissue surrounding the embryo is triploid in angiosperms; it is diploid in pines.

51. Within the life cycle of a pine, which of the following structures are haploid?
A. nucellus
B. integument with micropyle
C. megasporangium
D. pollen grain
E. scale of cone

D. pollen grain

52. Which one of the following floral structures is not part of a carpel?
A. stigma
B. receptacle
C. ovary
D. ovule
E. style

B. receptacle

53. Select a structure that neither participates in or results from double fertilization.
A. sperm
B. polar nuclei
C. zygote
D. endosperm
E. antipodals

E. antipodals