biology midterms

Atom

1.The smallest unit of matter

Molecule

2.A collection of atoms

Organelle

3.the organs of a cell

Cell

4.the smallest unit of living thing

Tissue

5.a group of similar cells that function together as a unit

Organ

6.a group of similar tissues that work together to form a specific function

Organ System

7.A group of organs that work together to serve a purpose

organism

8.a living thing with an organized structure and has all characteristics of life

population

9.a group of organisms that are the same

community

10.all population in that area

ecosystem

11.all living+non living things that affect them

biosphere

12.all ecosystem on planet

What are the 8 characteristics of life?

Homeostasis, Heredity, Metabolism, Reproduction, Growth and Development, Stimuli, Cells, Evolution

what 3 things does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?

cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

a  folded network that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm

cytoskeleton

The clear fluid inside a cell

cytoplasm

Organelle that manages cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

nucleus

Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color

chloroplasts

Digest excess or worn out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

lysosomes

Small bumps located on the endoplasmic reticulum.

ribosomes (rough ER)

Provide temporary storage of food, enzymes and wastes.

vacuole

Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protists. 

cell wall

Produce a usable form of energy for the cell

mitochondria

Modifies proteins and lipids chemically, then repackages them

golgi apparatus

Contains inner membranes arranged in stacks of membranous sacs called grana.

chloroplasts

Found in animal cells and aid in cell division

centrioles

what are the 3 parts of cell theory

1. all cells come from pre-existing cells

2. all living things have cells

3. cells are the smallest unit of life

in what order do you digest food

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

what is the control group

the group where nothing is changed to act as a base/example and make sure the experiment is successful

what does temperature do to an enzyme

very high, denatures, slightly high, speeds up, very low, denatures, slightly low, slows down

what does pH do to an enzyme

slows enzyme activity

what does high salt concentration do to an enzyme

it can either activate or deactivate it depending on the specific enzyme

a cell has 90% water and 10% salt on the inside and 80% water and 20% salt on the outside, will the water go into the cell or out of the cell?

out of the cell

a cell has 90% water and 10% salt on the inside and 80% water and 20% salt on the outside, is the cell in a hypertonic solution or a hypotonic solution

it is in a hyper tonic solution

what is the difference between passive and active transport

passive goes with the concentration gradient and active goes againts and needs energy

what is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules

organic: has carbon, inorganic: does not have carbon

what is a bio molecule

a chemical compound found in living organisms, ex Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids and Lipids

what is the atomic composition of carbs ex(CHONPS)

CHO

what is the atomic composition of lipids ex(CHONPS)

CHO

what is the atomic composition of proteins ex(CHONPS)

CHONS

what is the atomic composition of nucleic acids ex(CHONPS)

CHONP

what does CHONPS stand for

carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S)

what is the order of respiration

nose/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

why is a virus not living? give 4 examples

1. not made of cells

2. dont grow

3. cant make own energy

4. cant maintain homeostasis

what is a bacteriophage made up of (4 parts)

capsid head, tail, DNA, and sheath

what are the 3 parts of ATP

ribose suagar, adenine, phosphate group

what is dehydration synthesis

two molecules or compounds are joined to form a larger molecule following the removal of water

what is hydrolysis

a chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance