ANSC 422 Exam 1 Content

For a pet food diet to be complete and balanced, it must contain all except:

Digestible carbohydrates

True or False: Animals require ingredients that are sources of specific nutrients in their diets.

False

For an ingredient to be considered a protein source, it must contain at least ______ crude protein.

20%

Sustainable process that allows the use of animal raw materials to produce animal fats and protein ingredients

Rendering

Which option (all within must) reflects animal parts that can be added in a "meat by-product ingredient"

Lungs, kidneys, brains

Which carb is highest in starch and highly/rapidly digestible

Rice

T or F: A grain-free diet has low carbohydrate content

False

True or False: In general, animal fats have a higher concentration of saturated fats than vegetable oils.

True

Humectants are food additives commonly used in what type of pet food products:

Semi-moist treats

Thickeners and gelling agents are commonly used in:

Wet pet foods

Wheat, rice, potato starch, and carrageenan are examples of:

Gelling Agents

MSM, S-adenosyl-methionine, and O3s are examples of:

Joint health aids

Clove and Eucalyptus oils, parsley, and mint are used for:

Oral health

Rice hulls, beet pulp, pea fiber, oat fiber, and psyllium seed husk are examples used for:

Hairball control

Yucca schidigera extract is an example of:

Stool controllant

True or False: Food additives are often included in diets for reasons other than nutritional purposes.

True

You work at a pet food company that is creating a new line of breed-specific diets. Your task is to develop an extruded diet for Irish Setter dogs. Which ingredient of those listed below would you be less inclined to add and why?

Wheat; Breed can be intolerant to gluten

Soybean meal CP content

44-46%

Dehulled soybean meal CP content

Minimum of 46.5 with a maximum fiber of 3.5%

Soy protein concentrate CP content

65-70%

Soybean protein isolate CP content

Equal to or above 90%

Accurate descriptor of animal digest

Material resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis of clean/undecomposed animal tissue

True or False: Food additives can either be nutritents or non-nutrient substances

True

All are examples of food additives except:

Mycotoxins

All are examples of food additives except:

Trans fats

Food additive used to absorb moisture; water repellent

Anti-caking agents

Food additive used to bind free water to reduce bacterial growth

Humectants

Bacteria growth water activity minimum

0

Glycerin, propylene glycol, molasses, and corn starch are examples of:

Humectants

What food additive is used for marketing purposes mainly

Colorants/pigments

Ethoxyquin, BHA, and BHT are examples of:

Antioxidants

Food additive that prevents food spoilage

Preservatives

Sodium bisulfite, acids, salt, and vinegar are examples of:

Food preservatives

Food additive that binds water to form a gel, providing texture

Gelling agents

True or False: premixes use a carrier typically

True

Omega 3s provide:

A healthy coat

All are potential benefits of digestive health ingredients except:

Increase glucose levels

The two main carb sources are:

Grain-free and cereal grains

Pulses are higher in ________ than cereal grains and tubers

Protein

Rank in order of increasing starch

tubers > cereal grains > pulses

Most common feed grain in livestock feeds (common in comp animal)

Corn

Corn gluten meal is high in ________

Protein

Corn gluten meal is not a _______ source

Carbohydrate

Rice is primarily ______ with a little bit of protein

Starch

Rice starch is __________ digestible

Highly

Rice hulls have a high ________ content

Fiber

The energy content of __________ is equal to corn

Wheat

Wheat has ________ protein than corn

More

_________ is in the endosperm and makes up 85% of protein in the kern

Wheat gluten

____________ is deficient in multiple essential AAs but high in non-essential ones

Wheat gluten

Irish Settlers have an intolerance to ________

Wheat (gluten)

Oats make up _______% of energy content of corn

80

What grains are rich in beta-glucans

Oats and barley

Barley has ____% of energy content in corn while oats have ____%

90,80

Grain-free ingredients can be divided into:

Starch and protein

__________ have the most caloric density (2.25x more)

Lipids

Animal fat has no less than _____% fat

90

T or F: Animal fat is rendered

True

A fat is _____ at room temp

Solid

An oil is _______ at room temp

Liquid

Anti-caking agent examples:

Fiber powders, silicates

carbonates, chlorides, sulfates

True or False: Animal Meals are unrendered

False

In rendering, nutrients are ________ concentrated

More

In rendering, ______ and _______ are split and finished separately

fat, protein

Meat meal is _______

Rendered

On meat meals, the label guarantees the min and max of ____________

Ca

T or F: Meat and bone meal includes bone

True

"Meat" as an ingredient is _________

Unrendered

Meat-by-product is ______________

Unrendered

True or False: Meat by-product can contain lungs, spleen, kidney, but not hair or teeth

True

Meal in an ingredient signifies:

Rendered

"Poultry by-product" is ___________

Unrendered

Egg product must have a max ash of _____% on DM basis

6

Animal material that results from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed animal tissue

Animal digest

Animal digest is ___________ of hair, horns, teeth, feathers

Exclusive

True or False: If salt is more than 3% in fish meal, it must be part of brand name

True

Salt can be no more than _____% of fish meal

7

"Concentrate"

70% or more crude protein

"Isolate"

90% or more crude protein

Soybean and soybean meal are high in ________

Protein

What are the anti-nutrient factors of soybean and soybean meal?

protease inhibitors, lectins, and phytate

Soybean and soybean meal is deficient in ________________

Met

Dehulled soybean meal has less ____________ than hulled.

Fiber

What are the negatives of pulses?

Lectins, phytate, and oxalate

Pulses have more _________ than __________

fiber, protein

Corn protein has a typical CP of ____% as is

60

Potato protein has a typical CP of ______% as is

70

_________________ has a huge protein to ash ratio

Corn gluten meal

Sucrase is cleaved at __________

Alpha-1,2

Maltase is cleaved at ___________

Alpha-1,4

Lactase is cleaved at ____________

Beta-1,4

Dogs and cats are both intolerant to ___________

Lactose

Maltase is 2 ___________

Glucose

Lactose is glucose + ____________

Galactose

Sucrose is glucose and __________

Fructose

Cell important for absorption of nutrients; forms the brush barrier with microvilli (90% of SI epithelium)

Enterocytes

Cell that secretes mucus in small/large intestine

Goblet cell

Cell that secretes hormones

Enteroendocrine cells

Cell that secretes antimicrobial peptides; innate immunity

Paneth Cells

Provides rough texture to tongue for gripping food, licking, and cleaning; front of tongue

Filiform papillae