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Machines
help people use energy more efficiently
Lever
A rigid plank or bar that pivots around a fulcrum
First-class lever
A lever where the fulcrum is between the input and output forces (e.g., crowbar)
Second-class lever
A lever where the output force is between the fulcrum and the input force (e.g., wheelbarrow)
Third-class lever
A lever where the input force is between the fulcrum and the output force (e.g., fishing pole)
Inclined plane (ramp)
A surface that takes less force to move an object but requires the object to be moved over a longer distance
Wedge
An inclined plane used to split objects (e.g., axe, knife)
Pulley
A grooved wheel with a string, rope, or cord that helps to lift objects
Screw
An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder (e.g., bolt, screw)
Wheel and axle
A system consisting of two circles of different diameters that rotate together (e.g., door knob, screwdriver)
Complex machine
A system of several simple machines working together to perform a function
Linkage
A mechanism that transfers force from one subsystem to another
Transmission
A special type of linkage that can change force, direction, and speed
Gears
Pairs of toothed wheels or cogs that interlock to transfer force and change speed
Driving gear
The gear that supplies the energy and turns the driven gear
Driven gear
The gear that turns as a result of the driving gear
Gear ratio
The ratio of the number of teeth on the driving gear to the number of teeth on the driven gear
How to calculate Mechanical Advantage (MA)
calculated by dividing Foutput/Finput
How to calculate Speed ratio (SR)
calculated by dividing input distance by output distance
How to calculate Efficiency
MA/SR x 100
Work
The product of force multiplied by distance, measured in joules (J)
Is a machine that has a mechanical advantage of less than one useful
Yes. It helps to control speed
Why do mechanical advantage and speed ration differ in real life?
Friction. SR is the ideal MA. Therefore friction does not affect SR
Iron
1810. Hammer and chisel
Note 
Flashcard (55)