cardiovascular system

eythrocyte

• in blood

• red blood cell

• mostly hemoglobin

• transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

leukocyte

• in blood

• white blood cell

• protects body from disease

thrombocyte

• in blood

• platelets

• clumps together and plugs damaged blood vessels

plasma

• in blood

• mostly water

• circulates elements and materials

arteries

blood vessel leading away from heart

vein

blood vessel leading toward heart

atria

• receives blood

• conducting toward heart

HS

• heart sounds

• valves opening and closing

ventricles

sends blood out (to body)

blood travels from superior/inferior vena cava leads to

right atrium

blood travels from right atrium goes through

tricuspid valve

blood travels from right atrium, goes through tricuspid valve before reaching

right ventricle

blood travels from right ventricle to

pulmonary artery

blood travels from the body into

the left atrium

the blood travels from the left atrium through the

• bicuspid

• mitral valve

the blood travels through the mitral valve into the

left ventricle

the blood travels from the left ventricle into the

aorta

pulmonary arteries lead to ____ and pick up ____

the lungs; oxygen

the aorta leads to the ____ the delivers ____

body; oxygen

systolic (action)

• heart sending blood out

• heart contracting

diastolic

• heart relaxing

• heart filling with blood

lub-dub

tri- and bi- cuspid valves opening and closing

what lifestyle choices affect the cardiovascular system?

lack of exercise, poor diet, smoking

how does aging affect the cardiovascular system?

• loss of muscle tone and elasticity

• decrease blood cells

anemia (sx, list 3)

• low levels of healthy red blood cells

• fatigue

• weakness

• SOB

anemia can lead to _____ in the older person (name 3)

• confusion

• difficulty concentrating

• fast/irregular heartbeat

• cold hands and feet

• pale skin

• chest discomfort

leukemia (sx, list 3)

• fatigue

• weakness

• fever

• night sweats

• frequent infection

• easy bruising/bleeding

• pale skin

• weight loss

• swollen lymph nodes

• bone/joint pain

• SOB

• headaches

• enlarged spleen/liver

leukemia can lead to _____ in the older person (name 3)

• severe anemia

• frequent/serious infections

• slow healing, easy bleeding/bruising

• weight loss

• night sweats

• organ enlargement

• frailty

hemophilia (sx, list 3)

• excessive, prolonged bleeding

• bruising easy

• joint bleeding

• muscle bleeding

• internal bleeding

hemophilia can lead to _____ in the older person (name 3)

• arthritis

• severe mobility limitation

• chronic pain

hemophilia increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• intracranial hemorrhage

• inhibitors

• liver disease/ liver cancer

• cancer

• cardiovascular disease

• fall related injuries

atherosclerosis

• plaque accumulates in artery walls

• plaque hardens and narrows arteries reducing oxygen rich blood flow to body

• type of arteriosclerosis

atherosclerosis increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• higher blood pressure

• reduced blood flow

• heart attack

• stroke or TIA

• peripheral artery disease

• heart failure

• aortic stenosis

• orthostatic hypotension

arteriosclerosis

• umbrella term for vascular disorders

• CAD

• PAD

• carotid artery disease

• aortic aneurysm

venous thrombosus (sx, list 3)

• one sided leg swelling

• throbbing in calf or thigh

• warmth

• redness/darkened skin

• heaviness in affected leg/arm

• SOB

• chest pain

• fainting

• coughing blood

• fast heartbeat

venous thrombosus increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• pulmonary embolism

• recurrent clots

• major bleeding

• higher mortality

venous stasis (sx, list 3)

• leg/ ankle swelling

• aching, tired, heavy legs after standing

• varicose/bulging veins

• itching, pain, cramps in legs

• skin color changes

• thickened/hardened skin around lower legs/ankles

• weeping, crusting, scaly sores

• slow healing ulcers

venous stasis increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• leg swelling worsening throughout the day

• leg heaviness, aching, cramping that limits activity

• brownish discoloration, tching, scaling, thickened/hardened skin

• non-healing ulcers near ankles

• difficulty walking

• DVT

CAD (sx, list 3)

• coronary artery disease or coronary heart disease

• angina

• lightheadedness

• sweating

• nausea

• SOB

angina pectoris (sx, list 3)

• heaviness, squeezing/burning sensation behind breastbone

• pressure, squeezing, tightness/burning in chest

• constriction/ suffocation feeling

• subsides within 5 minutes

CAD increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• heart attack

• heart failure

• ischemic stroke

• death

angina pectoris increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• heart attack

• coronary events

• hospitalization

• death

MI (sx, list 3)

• myocardial infarction

• chest pain/ discomfort

• SOB

• pain in arms, jaw, neck, back

• weak/light-headed/faint feeling

• nausea/vomiting

• fatigue

MI increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• heart failure

• atrial fibrillation

• cardiac rupture

• shock

• death

• recurrent MI

• stroke

• hospitalization

heart failure (sx, list 3)

• SOB during activity, suddenly at night, while lying down

• edema in feet, ankles, legs, fingers, stomach

• fatigue after eating/ walking

• coughing/wheezing

• increased heart rate

• lack of appetite/nausea

• confusion/impaired thinking

• dizziness/lightheadedness

• weight change (sudden gain)

edema

• swelling

• fluid gathering in tissues

• most common in arms and legs

heart failure increases the risk of ____ in the older person (name 3)

• hospitalization

• death

• disability

• cognitive impairment

• recurrent heart failure

• depression

• kidney disease

• pulmonary edema

• liver damage

• arrhythmia

• pulmonary embolism

conduction (sx, list 3)

• fainting

• dizziness

• palpitation

• SOB

• some no sx, only ECG