Module 1: Computer History and Generations

Automatic Loom

Basis of Hollerith's punched card processor.

Automatic Loom

The holes in the punched card directed the movements of needles, thread, and fabric creating the pattern of the weaving material.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

It is the first fully operational electronic general-purpose computer (adapted electronic flip-flop circuits).

First Generation of Computers (1951-1959)

This generation of computer's reliability is very low because much heat is produced. They need to replace it every now and then because it overheats.

First Generation of Computers (1951-1959)

This generation of computer has the memory capacity of approximately 16,000 bytes. The speed was in milliseconds. (thousandth of a second).

Second Generation of Computers (1960-1969)

This generation of computers has the memory capacity of 32,000 bytes.

History of Computers

Its importance lies in its capability to be the information for innovation and other technology that may transpire in the future.

Ancient Times

Fingers and toes to be able to count.

Ancient Times

Objects as representations (i.e. rocks, leaves, pebbles, shells, etc.).

rocks, leaves, pebbles, shells, etc.

Its disadvantage lies on inefficiency, where it's quite heavy and divides itself frequently.

Abacus

Also known as suan-pan.

Abacus

The first calculating device developed in China in 2600 BC.

Soroban

Japanese abacus.

Napier's Bone

Invented by John Napier in 1617. It was made of ivory bones on which numbers were printed.

John Napier

He also developed a logarithm which is a tabular system of numbers which many mathematical operations are simplified.

Slide Rule

Invented by William Oughtred in 1621. It is made up of movable bars with a precise scale on it and uses approximations to solve problems.

Slide Rule

It's also known as an obsolete scientific calculator because this device was used by our great grandfathers who were engineers and architects for their designs.

Adding Machine

Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 because he wanted to help his father to collect tax revenue.

Adding Machine

Also known as Pascal's Calculator.

Adding Machine

First mechanical calculating device. Simply because it is made up of mechanical gears.

Four Function Machine

Invented by Gottfried Leibnitz in 1671. It is a calculating machine capable of performing the four basic mathematical operations (add, subtract, multiply, and divide).

Gottfried Leibnitz

He also created Leibnitz' calculator and Stepped reckoner.

Difference Engine

Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822. Error-free that produced reliable life tables.

Difference Engine

It was built but it wasn't completed because Cabbage lacked funds.

Analytical Engine

Designed with the concept of having:

- STORE which hold numbers.

- MIL which is the arithmetic unit performing all mathematical operations on the numbers stored.

- INPUT device which will enter all the data.

- OUTPUT device which will display results.

- CONTROL which will coordinate and supervise the sequence of operations.

Analytical Engine

It was just a concept. It wasn't built for two reasons:

- The government did not believe and support the project.

- These devices were designed to be fully automatic and can perform simultaneous operations. But to make this feasible, the technology is not available.

Charles Babbage

Father of Computers

Lady Ada Lovelace

Also known as Lady Augusta Byron.

Lady Ada Lovelace

Conceived the Binary Mathematics. It is the study of the binary digits (0,1); important to computers even until today.

Lady Ada Lovelace

Designed a structured program to operate the Analytical Engine.

Lady Ada Lovelace

First computer programmer.

Boolean Algebra

Invented by George Boole in 1847. It is a system of symbolic logic known that provides a systematic way of solving and analyzing mathematical and logical problems.

Boolean Algebra

It introduced the three basic logical operations namely; AND, OR, and NOT. How 0 are converted to 1 and 1 converted to 0.

Punched Card Processor

Invented Herman Hollerith in 1890. It is a tabulating equipment where Census data were hand-punched into cards and then were placed on a metal surface.

Automatic Loom

Invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard. This was frequently used for patterns and design.

Automatic Loom

This was burnt because during that time, the neighbors burned Jacquard's house down. But they didn't know he created a better device.

Electronic Circuitry

Developed by Claude Shannon in 1938. This was the technology that Babbage needed for his analytical engine.

Electronic Circuitry

It showed the relationship between BOOLEAN ALGEBRA and ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY making the electronic calculating machine a feasible technological advancement.

ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer)

Invented by Dr. John Atanasoff in 1939 and Clifford E. Berry assembled a prototype used by students to calculate complicated problems and simultaneous equations.

ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer)

First special-purpose automatic electronic digital computer. These are designed to do one specific task.

Mark 1

An Automatic Sequenced Controlled Calculator. Invented by Prof. Howard Aiken in 1944.

Mark 1

It is the first electromechanical computer.

Mark 1

It was essentially a serial collection of electromechanical calculators.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

Invented by Dr. John W. Mauchly and J. Eckert Jr. in 1946. It was developed to compute trajectory tables for the U.S. army.

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator)

Invented by Jon Von Neumann in 1945. It introduced the concept of stored programs.

EDSAC (Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Calculator)

This technology came out first before EDVAC that became the first stored program computer built by Maurice Wilkes.

UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer)

Designed by Mauchly and Eckert in 1951. It is the first commercially available business computer. Built by Remington Rand, Corp.

First Generation of Computers (1951-1959)

All of the first experiments of computers are part of this generation.

First Generation of Computers (1951-1959)

This generation used Vacuum tubes were used that produces heat.

First Generation of Computers (1951-1959)

This generation of computer was bulky, huge in size, and usually occupies one room because it is made up of 20k-30k vacuum tubes.

First Generation of Computers (1951-1959)

This generation of computer's maintenance is very expensive because few people are only capable of maintaining it.

First Generation of Computers (1951-1959)

This generation of computer used magnetic drums for storage devices. Punched cards for input and output devices. Machine languages were used for programming instructions. (Binary digits).

Second Generation of Computers (1960-1969)

This generation of computers decrease in size and heat because vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors.

Second Generation of Computers (1960-1969)

This generation of computer's speed was in microseconds (millionth of a second).

Second Generation of Computers (1960-1969)

This generation of computer, magnetic tapes for storage and tape readers for input and output devices. Cheaper maintenance.

Second Generation of Computers (1960-1969)

This generation of computer, Assembler's language was used for writing programs.

Second Generation of Computers (1960-1969)

This generation of computer introduced the notion of computer family architecture by IBM. Introduced execution stack architecture.

Third Generation of Computers

Also known as the age of integrated circuits because it replaced transistors, giving more reliability and memory capacity increased to kilobytes. Speed is nanoseconds.

Third Generation of Computers

This generation of computer used magnetic disks for storage device. Its readers were used for input/output devices.

Third Generation of Computers

This generation of computer introduced Batch Processing Operating Systems (OS) and remote processing.

Fourth Generation of Computers

Also known as the Age of Large-Scale Integrated Circuits (100,000 transistors). More compact and thinner in size.

Fourth Generation of Computers

This generation of computer's processing is picosecond (billionth of a second).

Fourth Generation of Computers

This generation of computer introduced microprocessors and application programs for the users.

Fifth Generation of Computers

Software technology boomed and more companies made software so as to cater to the needs of the users.

Fifth Generation of Computers

This generation of computer is also known as the age of VLSIC/VVLSIC, where artificial intelligence.

Fifth Generation of Computers

This generation of computer's memory capacity changed gigabyte to terabyte.