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10 commandments
Have no other gods but God.
Do not worship statues.
Be careful with God's name.
Keep the Sabbath day special.
Honor your father and mother.
Do not murder.
Keep your marriage promises.
Do not steal.
Do not lie
Do not covet
how did religion spread?
war, trade, holy cities
what were the crusades?
holy wars between islam & christianity over holy cities and power over trade
what belief systems are in the middle east?
judaism, christianity, islam
what belief systems are in china?
confucianism & daoism
what belief systems are in india?
buddhism & hinduism
why did religions & cultures change as they spread?
cultural diffusion
no written rules/laws
what is daoism?
founder: lao tze
started in china
sig. writings: tao-te-ching
tao = “the way”, link between people and nature
yin & yang: there is a good and bad
fights against confucianism
what is confucianism?
social order and mutual respect
five relationships (always dominant person in a rls): ruler to ruled, father to son, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, friend to friend.
filial piety: respect elders
began in china; created law & order
founder: kung fu-tze/confucius
men superior (patriarchy)
what is buddhism?
3 branches: Theravada (karma)(southeast Asia), Mahayana (help others reach nirvana)(northern Asia), vajrayana (mind’s perfection)(Tibet)
document: 4 noble truths (desire=suffering)
asoka: leader that lead empire
eightfold path: good karma to get higher level in reincarnation (reach nirvana/enlightenment)
founder: buddha
what were the two religious stories?
judaism: noah’s ark 2300 BCE
hinduism: the fish incarnation of vishnu
what is islam?
muhammad —> rightly guided caliphs —> umayyads —> abbasids
Allah is God (also noah, Abraham, & jesus)
holy book: qu’ran
Shiite (shia) 16% / sunni 83% (caliphs, descendants of Muhammad) / sufi 1% (merchants and missionaries)
how did the abbasids gain wealth?
created taxes for land & trade & jizya
bureaucracy
created sakks/checks
what are the continuities and patterns of Chinese history?
Ethnocentrisms
Chinese believe their culture is superior to
others
See China as the “Middle Kingdom”
Xenophobia
Fear and distrust of foreigners
Creativity and innovation
Science and technology/inventions
Art and literature
Importance of family
Patriarchy
Ancestor worship
filial piety: Respect of elders
Low status of women
Social and economic
Conflict with nature
Floods, earthquakes, typhoons, droughts,
insect infestations sometimes led to mass
starvation
Authoritarian, strong, central bureaucratic
government
Those in the government were seen as high
class - Difficult positions to get!
Dynastic cycle
Revolts against strong, often abusive, central
government
Cultural conservatism
Limited cultural change over 3,500 years
Education valued
What positions were valued?
Civil Service exam given to get the position - 3 day
written test...non-stop.
Hard lives of peasants
what did the song introduce?
champa rice
porcelain (plates, toilets)
pagoda
top knot bun
what is the dynastic cycle?
where new leaders claim to be the mandate of heaven
> only one rule of china & whoever it is is authorized from heaven to keep control of china (similar to divine right in Europe)
what is the grand canal and what effects did it have on china?
900-mile canal that connected rice fields to large cities
effects: china’s population grew
what is monumental architecture?
buildings to honor gods
ex: angkor wat, Cahokia mounds, Egyptian pyramids
what are the five pillars of islam?
testimony of faith
prayer (sallah)
charity (zakah)
muslims must give 2.5% of their yearly income to put towards charity
fasting (sawn)
ramadam
the Hajj/pilgrimage
every year, muslims travel to the holy city mecca, saudi arabia
dar-al-islam
“house of islam”
monumental architecture: house of wisdom in baghdad
turks/ottomans
invaders who brought islam to india
end of roman empire 476 ce
collapsed because of attacks, over spreading & military expansion, relied on slave labor
collapse of roman empire
gave rise to
feudalism
the Catholic church
silk road trade
traded porcelain, silk, spices, steel, & iron
connected the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; also traded goods & ideas (like religion/cultures(cultural diffusion))
mit’a system
tribute to incan government in the form of labor
how did song dynasty fall?
mongols conquered
aztec tribute system
aztecs paid tribute in form of money or labor to tenochtitlan
so that the people stay independent & not killed
