Dental Materials - Specialty Materials

What are the main classifications of dental implants?

1. Subperiosteal Implants

2. Transosteal Implants     

3. Endosteal Implants 

4. Epithelial Implants (Anusavice)

Subdivisions of Endosteal Implants

1. Blade form/ Platform wedge

2. Root form or Cylindrical

Categories of Endosteal Implants

1. One-stage type

2. Two-stage type

Explain the components of dental impants:

Implant Body / Fixture
The “root form” part of the implant; a cylinder or tapered cylinder that mimics a tooth root.

Cover / Healing Screw
A low-profile screw that seals the implant platform after placing the fixture in a two-stage surgery.

Healing / Interim Abutment
A dome-shaped screw that gives permucosal access to the implant. Used immediately in one-stage surgery or after uncovering in two-stage surgery.

Impression Coping
Transfers the exact implant position from the mouth to the lab cast during open or closed tray impressions.

Implant Analog / Replica
Reproduces the implant’s position and angulation inside the model.

Implant (Prosthetic) Abutment
The part that supports the prosthesis or crown.

Implant Crown
The tooth-like restoration placed over the abutment.

Prosthesis Retaining / Abutment Screw
Screws used to attach abutments or frameworks to the implant fixture or abutment.

Biodentine

Calcium-silicate based, bioactive, biocompatible dentin replacement.

Indications of biodentine

• Deep caries

• Pulp exposures

• Perforations

• Internal/external resorptions

• Apical surgery

• Pulpotomies

• Apexifications

• Safe for pediatric use

Setting time: 10–12 minutes

Bio-C Sealer

Premixed bioceramic sealer for permanent root canal filling; comes in a single syringe.

Composition of Bio-C sealer

Composition:

• Calcium silicates

• Calcium aluminate

• Calcium oxide

• Zirconium oxide

• Iron oxide

• Silicon dioxide

• Dispersing agents

TotalFill BC Sealer

Calcium-silicate bioceramic sealer with good physical and biological properties; releases calcium ions.

Bone Grafts

Fillers/scaffolds that promote bone formation and wound healing; bioresorbable and act as a mineral reservoir.

Types of bone grafts: 

• Autografts: from the same patient

• Allografts: from another human

• Xenografts: from other species (pig, cow)

• Alloplasts: synthetic (hydroxyapatite)

Barrier Membranes

Prevent epithelial migration during guided tissue regeneration.

• Nonresorbable: Cellulose acetate, e-PTFE ± titanium, d-PTFE, Ti-d-PTFE

• Resorbable: Natural or synthetic

Periodontal Dressing

Protects the wound, stabilizes the surgical site, and improves patient comfort during healing.

Are two of the simplest preventive dental procedures:

Fluoride application and pits & fissure sealant placement

FLUORIDE:

1. Flouride

• systemic fluoridation

• topical fluoridation

• fluoride toothpaste

• fluoride mouth rinses

• A fluoride mouth rinse, Gels, or Foams.

• fluoride varnish

2. Pit & fissure sealants

Copy milling

Process of cutting or grinding a desired shape to the same dimensions as a master pattern in a manner similar to that used for cutting a key blank from a master key.

Optical Scanning/ 3D Scanning

is the process of analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance. The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D models.

Classification of Orthodontic Material: acc to structure of orthodontic materials

• metallic, ceramic, and polymeric materials

Classification of Orthodontic Material: acc to usage

• wire, brackets, elastomeric ligature and chains, orthodontic adhesive, cements, misc.

such as brackets and bands

Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances involves the use of attachments ?

Pediatric dentistry:

• Materials for both preventive and therapeutic oral care for pediatric patients differ from adult patients.

• Factors that would affect in choosing the right material to use are as follows:

• age of the child

• caries risk

• cooperation of the child

• Type of material

• Type of tooth

How choose the material?

• material availability

• best available option for the clinical situation

• material that provides the characteristics needed

• Technique which can be completed successfully with minimal psychological trauma to the child/patient

Therapeutic oral care

• stainless steel crowns

• compomer

• open-face stainless steel crown

pediatric oral care:

Preventive: Dental treatments that are designed to avert and avoid oral disease.

Therapeutic: Dental treatments that are concerned with the treatment of oral disease.

self-applied fluorides:

1. fluoride toothpaste

2. fluoride mouthrinses

3. Fluoride sucking tablets

Professionally applied fluorides

1. Fluoride varnishes

2. Fluoride gels

Preventive oral care - The material is retained on the enamel surface either by acid‐etch technique or a chemical bonding of the material to the enamel surface.

• acid‐etch technique or

• a chemical bonding of the material to the enamel surface.

What is the cad/cam process?

• scanning

• designing

• milling

si danaiah mapayat

based in the production methods are divided into the ff:

1. in office system

2. cad/cam - dental laboratory models

3. cad/cam - for outsourcing dental lab work using networks

Fixed Appliances

Orthodontic treatment using attachments like brackets and bands.

Arch Wires

Wires placed in bracket slots; come in round, square, or rectangular shapes, made of titanium, stainless steel, or nickel-titanium. Type depends on treatment stage and desired tooth movement.

Brackets

Secured to teeth with bonding cement; control tooth movement and angulation.

Ligatures

Elastomeric or steel ties that hold the arch wire in the bracket slot.

Bands

Metal rings placed around teeth, usually molars; brackets can be welded to them.

Brackets

Attachments mostly bonded to enamel today; control tooth movement and reduce the need for bands.

Luting Agents

Materials used to bond brackets or bands, e.g., polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified GIC (RMGI).