Inspire Chemistry Module 7 Covalent Bonding

covalent bond

chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

molecule

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Lewis structure

model that uses electron-dot structures to show how electrons are arranged in molecules, pairs of dots or lines represent bonding pairs

sigma bond

single covalent bond that is formed when an electron pair is shared by the direct overlap of bonding orbitals

pi bond

bond that is formed when parallel orbitals overlap to share electrons.

endothermic reaction

reaction that absorbs energy

exothermic reaction

reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

oxyacid

any acid that contains hydrogen and an oxyanion

structural formula

chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule or a polyatomic ion; each dash between a pair of atoms indicates a pair of shared electrons

resonance

condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure exists for the same molecule

coordinate covalent bond

forms when one atom donates a pair of electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to become stable

VSEPR model

model which is based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the central atom

hybridization

occurs when two things are combined and the result has characteristics of both

polar covalent bond

covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally

nonpolar covalent bond

covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms

binary molecular compound

compound that is composed of two non-metals joined by one or more covalent bonds.

acid

substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

intermolecular forces

forces of attraction between molecules

intramolecular forces

forces that hold the atoms of a molecule together

solubility

ability to dissolve in another substance

single bond

covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons

double bond

chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons

triple bond

chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons

polarity

molecules having uneven distribution of charges

base

substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.