Page 1 - Examples of Common Functional Groups (Table 2.1)

Vocabulary flashcards for common functional groups shown in Table 2.1 (Page 1).

Alkyne

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond (R-C≡C-R).

Carboxylic acid

An organic acid containing a carboxyl group (-COOH); general formula R-COOH.

Alcohol

An organic compound with a hydroxyl (-OH) group; general formula R-OH.

Ether

An organic compound with an oxygen atom connected to two carbon groups (R-O-R).

Thiol

An organic compound containing a sulfhydryl (-SH) group (R-SH).

Sulfide

An organic compound with sulfur bonded to two carbon groups (R-S-R).

Aromatic (arene)

A stable ring system with conjugated pi electrons (e.g., benzene); example: methylbenzene (toluene).

Acyl halide

A carbonyl compound where the -OH of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a halogen (R-CO-X).

Anhydride

A compound with two acyl groups connected by an oxygen (R-CO-O-CO-R); derived from carboxylic acids.

Ester

A compound with the functional group -CO-O- linking a carbonyl to an alkyl/aryl group (R-CO-O-R); formed from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

Amide

A compound containing the amide group -CONR2 (e.g., -CO-NH2); general form R-CO-NH2 or substituted amide.

Amine

An organic compound containing an amino group (-NH2) attached to carbon (R-NH2); includes substituted amines (R-NH-R).